Field-Evolved Insect Resistance to Bt Crops: Definition, Theory, and Data
Field-Evolved Insect Resistance to Bt Crops: Definition, Theory, and Data
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DOI：
10.1603/029.102.0601
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Carriere, Yves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tabashnik, Bruce E.;Van Rensburg, J. B. J.;Carriere, Yves
生产苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)毒素的转基因作物已经成功地用于害虫控制，但当害虫进化出抗药性时，它们的效力就会降低。在这里，我们回顾了场进化阻力的定义，阻力与场控制问题之间的关系，延迟阻力策略的理论基础，以及阻力监测方法。我们还分析了来自五大洲的抗性监测数据，这些数据来自41项研究，这些研究评估了11种鳞翅目害虫的田间种群对Bt、玉米和棉花产生的四种Bt毒素的反应。在Bt作物首次商业化10多年后，大多数目标害虫种群仍然敏感，但在三个夜蛾物种的某些种群中已记录到对Cry1F的抗性：波多黎各Bt玉米中的Spotor tera rugiperda(J.E.Smith)，南非Bt玉米中的Busseola fusca(Fuller)，以及美国东南部Bt棉花中的Helicoverpa Zea(Boddie)对Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab的抗性。田间试验结果与理论预测一致，表明抗虫性延迟的因素包括抗性的隐性遗传、非Bt寄主植物的大量避难所以及双毒素Bt作物与单毒素Bt作物分开部署。从抗性监测数据的系统分析中获得的见解可能有助于提高转基因杀虫作物的耐久性。我们建议继续使用这里引用的长期存在的抗性定义，并鼓励讨论关于田间进化抗性的大小、分布和影响的特定数据应该触发哪些监管行动。
Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins for insect pest control have been successful, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. Here we review the definition of field-evolved resistance, the relationship between resistance and field control problems, the theory underlying strategies for delaying resistance, and resistance monitoring methods. We also analyze resistance monitoring data from five continents reported in 41 studies that evaluate responses of field populations of 11 lepidopteran pests to four Bt toxins produced by Bt corn and cotton. After more than a decade since initial commercialization of Bt crops, most target pest populations remain susceptible, whereas field-evolved resistance has been documented in some populations of three noctuid moth species: Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) to Cry1F in Bt corn in Puerto Rico, Busseola fusca (Fuller) to Cry1Ab in Bt corn in South Africa, and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in Bt cotton in the southeastern United States. Field outcomes are consistent with predictions from theory, suggesting that factors delaying resistance include recessive inheritance of resistance, abundant refuges of non-Bt host plants, and two-toxin Bt crops deployed separately from one-toxin Bt crops. The insights gained from systematic analyses of resistance monitoring data may help to enhance the durability of transgenic insecticidal crops. We recommend continued use of the long-standing definition of resistance cited here and encourage discussions about which regulatory actions, if any, should be triggered by specific data on the magnitude, distribution, and impact of field-evolved resistance.