Investigating the Land-Sea Transition Zone

Investigating the Land-Sea Transition Zone
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考察陆海过渡区

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-20389-4_12
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
YOUMARES 9 - The Oceans: Our Research, Our Future
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Waska H
Waska H
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Seibert SL;Degenhardt J;Ahrens J;Reckhardt A;Schwalfenberg K;Waska H

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陆地和海洋环境在陆-海过渡带融合。这个区域很重要,因为世界上约38%的人口生活在沿海地区,并依赖于沿海地区,海洋受其影响很大。此外,在地下河口(STE),陆地和海洋地下水与海水混合,海底地下水排放(SGD),即排放新鲜地下水和再循环海水,导致大量溶质流入海洋。本文以堰洲岛Spiekeroog为例,重点介绍了沙质沿海地区淡水地下水、SGD和STE的地球化学、微生物学和技术方面的进展。以往的研究表明,沿海砂质含水层的新鲜地下水组成受钙质壳溶解、阳离子交换和有机物降解的控制。STE中的生物地球化学反应进一步改变了SGD的水组成,并依赖于停留时间。微生物群落存在于沿海沉积物中,通常遵循盐度和氧化还原梯度,是有机物降解的驱动因素。关于STE中的有机质来源,很明显,溶解有机质主要来自海洋,SGD将降解的溶解有机质送回海洋。此外,最近的研究使用放射性示踪剂,如镭和氡,以及渗透计作为量化与SGD相关的速率和通量的可靠工具。我们的结论是,尽管取得了进展,但陆海过渡区的不同过程的复杂性和相互作用需要多学科的科学方法。
Terrestrial and marine environments merge at the land-sea transition zone. This zone is important as~ 38% of the world’s population live by and depend on the coastal regions, and oceans are considerably affected by it. Furthermore, terrestrial and marine groundwater and seawater mix in the subterranean estuary (STE), where submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), ie, discharging fresh groundwater and recirculated seawater, results in significant solute fluxes to the sea. With this article, we focus on advances of geochemical, microbiological, and technological aspects related to fresh groundwater, SGD, and STE in sandy coastal areas, using the barrier island Spiekeroog as a case study area. Previous studies showed that the fresh groundwater composition in sandy coastal aquifers is governed by calcareous shell dissolution, cation exchange, and organic matter degradation.Biogeochemical reactions in the STE further modify the water composition of SGD, with a dependence on residence time. Microbial communities, which are present in coastal sediments and usually follow salinity and redox gradients, are the driver for the degradation of organic matter. Regarding organic matter sources in the STE, it is evident that dissolved organic matter is primarily of marine origin and that SGD delivers degraded dissolved organic matter back into the ocean. Furthermore, recent studies used radiotracers, such as radium and radon, and seepage meters as reliable tools to quantify rates and fluxes associated with SGD. We conclude that, despite the advances being made, the complexity and interactions of the different processes at land-sea transition zones require multidisciplinary scientific approaches.
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