Modeling boulder transport by coastal waves on cliff topography: Case study at Hachijo Island, Japan

Modeling boulder transport by coastal waves on cliff topography: Case study at Hachijo Island, Japan
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模拟悬崖地形上沿海波浪的巨石运输:日本八丈岛的案例研究

DOI:
10.1002/esp.4684
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Tonosaki Takayuki
Tonosaki Takayuki
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Watanabe Masashi;Goto Kazuhisa;Imamura Fumihiko;Kennedy Andrew;Sugawara Daisuke;Nakamura Norihiro;Tonosaki Takayuki

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世界各地都有报道称,风暴波或海啸会将悬崖顶部的海岸巨石搬运过来。虽然漂砾搬运的数值计算是识别海啸或风暴漂砾以及估算漂砾就位的波浪大小的有力工具,但目前还不存在能够合理解决漂砾从悬崖下方或从悬崖边缘到悬崖顶部搬运的模型。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种新的数值公式,用于悬崖边缘或悬崖下方的巨石悬崖顶部沉积,并通过实验室测试进行验证。然后,我们应用该模型使用风暴和海啸波强迫模拟观测到的巨石沉积在日本八丈岛西北海岸。使用该模型,在不假设风暴潮导致的高水位的情况下,使用合理的风暴波高很好地解释了漂砾的实际分布。结果表明,周期为5~10 min的海啸或无风暴潮的风暴浪,都可能将漂石从崖边或崖下搬运到崖顶。然而,悬崖上巨石的实际分布只能用风暴波来解释,而不是海啸。因此,该场地分布的漂石很可能是风暴波的来源。我们开发的用于巨石运输计算的模型可以用于识别巨石的来源,并且可以合理地计算海啸和风暴波引起的巨石的悬崖顶部沉积。© 2019 John Wiley & Sons,Ltd.版权所有。
Clifftop coastal boulders transported by storm waves or tsunamis have been reported around the world. Although numerical calculation of boulder transport is a strong tool for the identification of tsunami or storm boulders, and for estimation of the wave size emplacing boulders, models which can reasonably solve boulder transport from below a cliff or from a cliff‐edge onto a cliff‐top do not yet exist. In this study, we developed a new numerical formulation for cliff‐top deposition of boulders from the cliff edge or below the cliff, with validation from laboratory tests. We then applied the model using storm and tsunami wave forcing to simulate the observed boulder deposits at the northwest coast of Hachijo Island, Japan. Using the model, the actual distribution of boulders was explained well using a reasonable storm wave height without assumption of anomalously high‐water level by storm surge. Results show that boulder transport from the cliff edge or under the cliff onto the cliff‐top was possible from a tsunami with periods of 5~10 min or storm waves with no storm surge. However, the actual distribution of boulders on the cliff was explained only by storm waves, but not by tsunami. Therefore, the boulders distributed at this site are likely of storm wave origin. Our developed model for the boulder transport calculation can be useful for identifying a boulder's origin and can reasonably calculate cliff‐top deposition of boulders by tsunami and storm waves. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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