Design of a miniature, multi-directional optical flow sensor for Micro Aerial Vehicles

Design of a miniature, multi-directional optical flow sensor for Micro Aerial Vehicles
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微型飞行器微型多向光流传感器的设计

DOI:
10.1109/icra.2011.5979877
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
H.
H.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Watman;D.;Murayama;H.

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随着微型飞行器(MAV)变得越来越小,相应较小的有效载荷能力极大地限制了可以携带的传感器的类型和数量。由于获取视觉数据所需的图像传感器体积小,基于光流的生物启发视觉传感器显示出巨大的前景,但高昂的计算成本是一个限制因素。目前的光流传感器要么体积小,分辨率低,要么分辨率高,计算量大,不适合作为MAV的主要传感器。本文介绍了一种专门针对MAVS的需要而设计的光流传感器,它结合了体积小、分辨率高的特点,并且能够在一个FPGA中处理多个图像传感器。初步结果表明,对于MAV来说,性能是足够的,并且可以在高达120FPS的320×240分辨率的图像传感器上实时地进行光流计算。现场可编程门阵列的资源使用估算表明,一个15×15 mm的现场可编程门阵列可以同时计算多达11个图像传感器的二维光流。
As Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) become smaller, the correspondingly smaller payload capacity greatly limits the type and number of sensors which can be carried. Biologically inspired visual sensors based on optical flow show great promise due to the small size of the image sensors needed to capture visual data, but the high computational cost is a limiting factor. Current optical flow sensors are either small with very low resolution, or high resolution with large computing requirements, making them unsuitable for the primary sensor for MAVs. This paper presents an optical flow sensor specifically de signed for the needs of MAVs, combining very small size with adequate resolution and the capability of processing many image sensors in a single FPGA. Initial results indicate that per formance is sufficient for MAVs, and optical flow calculations can be performed in real-time with image sensors operating at 320×240 resolution at up to 120 FPS. FPGA resource usage estimates indicate that a 15×15 mm FPGA can calculate 2D optical flow for up to 11 image sensors simultaneously.
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