High-impact exercise and bones of growing girls:: A 9-month controlled trial
High-impact exercise and bones of growing girls:: A 9-month controlled trial
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DOI：
10.1007/s001980070021
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Vuori, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heinonen, A;Sievänen, H;Vuori, I
一个人在生命的头二十年中所能获得的最大骨量是晚年骨量的重要决定因素，骨量峰值的增加与骨质疏松性骨折的风险降低有关。众所周知，骨骼的生长和骨量峰值的形成在很大程度上受遗传因素的控制，但关于环境因素，如运动和营养（如运动）对骨骼生长的作用的信息有限。我们测试了一个假设，即在发育中的女孩中，机械负荷对骨矿物质质量和骨强度的好处在月经初潮之前比在月经初潮之后更好。64名女孩（25名月经初潮前，39名月经初潮后）进行了为期9个月的有监督的步进有氧运动（每周两次），每次训练都辅以额外的跳跃。62名女孩（33名月经前，29名月经后）作为对照。采用双能x线骨密度仪（DXA）测定腰椎和股骨近端骨矿物质含量（BMC）。采用外周定量断层扫描（pQCT）测定胫骨中轴皮质密度（CoD, mg/cm(3)）、皮质横截面积（CoA, mm(2)）和密度加权极剖面模量（BSI, mm(3)）。在月经前女孩中，受训组的BMC在腰椎（p = 0.012）（8.6%比5.3%）和股骨颈（p = 0.014）（9.3%比5.3%）的增加有统计学意义。胫骨中轴组间CoD、CoA、BSI差异无统计学意义。绝经后女孩在训练后的任何骨参数组间差异均不显著（腰椎BMC增加6.0%对4.9%，股骨颈增加3.4%对3.2%，粗隆增加2.6%对3.5%）。虽然本研究中生长中的女孩骨矿物质增加的很大一部分可归因于生长本身，但这项为期9个月的运动干预表明，月经初潮前运动的女孩可以获得明显且大量的额外骨质增加，而月经初潮后运动的女孩则没有。换句话说，运动似乎更有利于在月经初潮之前（即在生长高峰期）获得额外的骨矿物质，而不是在月经初潮之后。
The maximum amount of bone a person can obtain during the first two decades of life is an important determinant of bone mass in later life, and an increase in peak bone mass has been associated with decreased risk for osteoporotic fractures. It is known that growth of bone and thus development of peak bone mass are strongly controlled by genetic factors, but information on the role of environmental factors, such as exercise and nutrition, (e.g., exercise) on growing bone is limited. We tested a hypothesis that in growing girls the benefit of mechanical loading on bone mineral mass and bone strength is better before rather than after the menarche. Sixty-four girls (25 premenarcheal, 39 postmenarcheal) carried out a supervised 9-month step-aerobic program (two sessions per week), each session complemented with additional jumps. Sixty-two girls (33 premenarcheal, 29 postmenarcheal) served as controls. Bone mineral content (BMC) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition, the cortical density (CoD, mg/cm(3)) and cortical cross-sectional area (CoA, mm(2)) and the density-weighted polar section modulus (BSI, mm(3)) of the tibial midshaft were determined by peripheral quantitative tomography (pQCT). In the premenarcheal girls, BMC increased statistically significantly more in the trainees than controls at the lumbar spine (p = 0.012) (8.6% vs 5.3%) and femoral neck (p = 0.014) (9.3% vs 5.3%). In the tibial midshaft, the intergroup differences (CoD, CoA and BSI) were not significant. The postmenarcheal girls showed no significant post-training intergroup differences in any of the bone parameters (BMC increased in the lumbar spine 6.0% vs 4.9%; femoral neck 3.4% vs 3.2%; and trochanter 2.6% vs 3.5%). Although a large proportion of bone mineral increase in the growing girls of this study was attributable to growth itself, this 9-month exercise intervention showed that a clear and large additional bone gain could be obtained in exercising premenarcheal girls, but not in exercising postmenarcheal girls. In other words, exercise seemed more beneficial for additional bone mineral acquisition before menarche (i.e., during the growth spurt) rather than after it.