页岩压裂过程的连续时域电磁法动态监测试验(英文)
页岩压裂过程的连续时域电磁法动态监测试验(英文)
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用于监测页岩水力压裂的连续 TDEM
DOI：
10.1007/s11770-018-0661-1
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
胡文宝
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
严良俊;唐浩;陈孝雄;谢兴兵;周磊;王中兴;胡文宝
监测和描绘页岩压裂的空间分布对于页岩气生产至关重要。标准的监测方法，如时间推移地震、井间地震和微地震方法，昂贵、耗时，并且不能显示地层随时间的变化。测定了压裂液和储层岩石的折射率。结果表明，注入流体和注入的储层具有极低的电阻率和高的充电率。这允许使用可控源电磁法（CSEM）来监测页岩气水力压裂。根据试验区测井和地震资料建立的地电模型，研究了反映泥质电阻率变化的反应电场变化规律，给出了归一化剩余电阻率时移处理方法。采用时域电磁法对中国南方富林页岩气田的页岩气压裂进行了连续监测。采用大功率发射机和多通道瞬变电磁接收机阵。记录了2800 m深水平井地面布设的224个测点和3个压裂阶段的Ex分量的9 h时间序列。在数据处理和归一化电阻率残差的计算之后，确定Ex信号的变化，并构建电阻率变化的动态3D图像。这允许对压裂流体的空间分布进行建模。模型结果表明，TDEM是有前途的监测水力压裂页岩。
Monitoring and delineating the spatial distribution of shale fracturing is fundamentally important to shale gas production. Standard monitoring methods, such as time-lapse seismic, cross-well seismic and micro-seismic methods, are expensive, timeconsuming, and do not show the changes in the formation with time. The resistivities of hydraulic fracturing fluid and reservoir rocks were measured. The results suggest that the injection fluid and consequently the injected reservoir are characterized by very low resistivity and high chargeability. This allows using of the controlled-source electromagnetic method (CSEM) to monitor shale gas hydraulic fracturing. Based on the geoelectrical model which was proposed according to the well-log and seismic data in the test area the change rule of the reacted electrical field was studied to account for the change of shale resistivity, and then the normalized residual resistivity method for time lapse processing was given. The time-domain electromagnetic method (TDEM) was used to continuously monitor the shale gas fracturing at the Fulin shale gas field in southern China. A high-power transmitter and multi-channel transient electromagnetic receiver array were adopted. 9 h time series of Ex component of 224 sites which were laid out on the surface and over three fracturing stages of a horizontal well at 2800 m depth was recorded. After data processing and calculation of the normalized resistivity residuals, the changes in the Ex signal were determined and a dynamic 3D image of the change in resistivity was constructed. This allows modeling the spatial distribution of the fracturing fluid. The model results suggest that TDEM is promising for monitoring hydraulic fracturing of shale.