Prescription opioid use disorder and heroin use among 12-34 year-olds in the United States from 2002 to 2014
Prescription opioid use disorder and heroin use among 12-34 year-olds in the United States from 2002 to 2014
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DOI:
10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.033
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发表时间:
2017-02-01
影响因子:
4.4
通讯作者:
Hasin, Deborah S.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Martins, Silvia S.;Segura, Luis E.;Hasin, Deborah S.
Trend analyses of prescription opioids in the US indicate use, especially use ofprescription opioids stronger than morphine, has more than doubled among adults since the early 1990's (Frenk, Porter, & Paulozzi, 2015). Prescription opioids, like Oxycontin®, are effective pharmacological treatments for acute and chronic pain (Fitzcharles and Shir, 2009, Gallagher and Rosenthal, 2008). When used as indicated, these medications can be an important component of pain management. However, their high abuse potential presents concerns regarding their nonmedical use, which can be defined as ‘use of a prescription opioid that was not prescribed, or taken for the experience or feeling it caused’(SAMHSA, 2014). In the United States, nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMPO) is increasingly recognized as a serious public health problem among adults (Blanco et al., 2007, Han et al., 2015, Huang et al., 2006). Nonmedical prescription drug use, specifically nonmedical use of prescription opioids, is also a growing problem in other countries such as Canada (Fischer et al., 2014, Fischer et al., 2013) and Australia (Degenhardt et al., 2006, Rintoul et al., 2011).Repeated NMPO use increases the risk of developing an opioid use disorder. Studies have shown that adults using prescription opioids as prescribed by a doctor to treat chronic pain are less likely to develop DSM-IV dependence (Minozzi, Amato, & Davoli, 2013) compared to nonmedical opioid users (Compton et al., 2013, Huang et al., 2006, Peer et al., 2013, SAMHSA, 2009). Thus, it is important to detect NMPO use early before clinical problems emerge. Nearly 80% of 12–21 year olds who reported initiation of heroin use had previously initiated NMPO between the ages 13–18 (Cerda, Santaella, Marshall, Kim, & Martins, 2015). In general household population samples of past-year NMPO users in the US, approximately 7% and 9% of adolescents met criteria for prescription opioid abuse and dependence, respectively (Wu, Blazer, Li, & Woody, 2011), and 11% of the past-year NMPO users between ages 18–34 met criteria for prescription opioid use disorder (Becker, Sullivan, Tetrault, Desai, & Fiellin, 2008).