Intracommunity Coalitionary Killing of an Adult Male Chimpanzee at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
Intracommunity Coalitionary Killing of an Adult Male Chimpanzee at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda
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乌干达基巴莱国家公园 Ngogo 社区内联合杀害一只成年雄性黑猩猩
DOI：
10.1023/b:ijop.0000023573.56625.59
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
D. Watts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Watts
在两个野生黑猩猩群落中，有记录表明，群落间联合杀害成年和青少年雄性黑猩猩，在第三个群落中也有强烈的怀疑。它可以通过减少敌对邻居的综合实力和/或增加领土面积和食物供应来增加攻击者、他们的配偶和他们的后代的生存率，它还可以帮助攻击者吸引配偶。男性对自己社区的其他男性成员的致命联盟攻击不会提供这些好处，也不会被期望，因为男性社区成员之间的合作在争夺统治地位以及防御和攻击邻近男性方面的重要性。然而，在野外和圈养条件下，与争夺首领地位有关的内部联盟杀戮时有发生，观察员在Mahale和Budongo看到帮派对成年青少年和年轻成年男子的严重袭击：Budongo案件的受害者被杀害（福塞特和Muhumuza，2000年）。我描述了乌干达基巴莱国家公园恩戈戈社区的一个大型男性联盟对一名年轻成年男性的致命袭击。恩戈戈社区是已知最大的黑猩猩社区，雄性黑猩猩数量异常多。这次袭击与阿尔法排名的斗争无关：受害者是低级别的，当时社区有一个成熟的阿尔法。然而，受害者在过去几年中在男性等级中的地位大幅上升，可能对许多更高级别的男性构成威胁。与此同时，他与大多数成年男性的关系相对较少，梳理伴侣相对较少，没有很好地融入男性梳理网络，也没有有影响力的盟友。这些社会因素与不寻常的人口环境相结合--这可能意味着交配竞争相对较高，而失去一只雄性的代价相对较低--可能引发了攻击。
Intercommunity coalitionary killing of adult and adolescent males has been documented in two chimpanzee communities in the wild, and it was strongly suspected in a third. It may increase survivorship for the attackers, their mates, and their offspring by reducing the combined strength of hostile neighbors and/or by increasing territory size and food availability, and it may help the attackers to attract mates. Lethal coalitionary attacks by males on other male members of their own communities would not provide these benefits and are not expected, given the importance of cooperation among male community members in contests for dominance rank and in both defense and offense against neighboring males. Nevertheless, intracommunity coalitionary killings associated with struggles for alpha rank occur in the wild and in captivity, and observers have seen serious gang attacks on maturing adolescent and young adult males at Mahale and Budongo: the victim in the Budongo case was killed (Fawcett and Muhumuza, 2000). I describe a lethal attack on a young adult male by a large coalition of males from his community at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. The Ngogo community is the largest known for chimpanzees and has an unusually large number of males. The attack was not related to a struggle for alpha rank: the victim was low-ranking and the community had a well-established alpha at the time. However, the victim had risen substantially in the male hierarchy over the past few years and might have appeared threatening to many higher-ranking males. Simultaneously, he associated relatively little with most other adult males, had relatively few grooming partners and was not well integrated into the male grooming network, and had no influential allies. The combination of these social factors with the unusual demographic circumstances – which presumably meant that mating competition was relatively high and the cost of losing one male relatively low – might have triggered the attack.