SELF-SERVING BIASES IN ATTRIBUTION OF CAUSALITY - FACT OR FICTION
SELF-SERVING BIASES IN ATTRIBUTION OF CAUSALITY - FACT OR FICTION
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DOI：
10.1037/h0076486
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
ROSS, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MILLER, DT;ROSS, M
回顾支持和反对自利偏见影响因果关系归因这一命题的证据表明，这一命题最一般的形式几乎没有经验支持。有些人支持这样一种观点，即个人在成功条件下进行自我增强归因，但只有极少的证据表明，个人在失败条件下进行自我保护归因。此外，有人提出，自我增强效应可能不是由于动机扭曲，而是因为人们倾向于(A)期望自己的行为产生成功，(B)在不断成功的情况下，比在不断失败的情况下，发现行为和结果之间的更密切的共同变化，以及(C)误解偶然性的含义。
A review of the evidence for and against the proposition that self-serving biases affect attributions of causality indicates that there is little empirical support for the proposition in its most general form. Some support was found for the contention that individuals engage in self-enhancing attributions under conditions of success, but only minimal evidence suggested that individuals engage in self-protective attributions under conditions of failure. Moreover, it was proposed that the self-enhancing effect may not be due to motivational distortion, but rather to the tendency of people to (a) expect their behavior to produce success,(b) discern a closer covariation between behavior and outcomes in the case of increasing success than in the case of constant failure, and (c) misconstrue the meaning of contingency.(60 ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)