Distractor Modality Can Turn Semantic Interference Into Semantic Facilitation in the Picture-Word Interference Task: Implications for Theories of Lexical Access in Speech Production
Distractor Modality Can Turn Semantic Interference Into Semantic Facilitation in the Picture-Word Interference Task: Implications for Theories of Lexical Access in Speech Production
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DOI：
10.1037/a0017020
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Schriefers, Herbert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hantsch, Ansgar;Jescheniak, Joerg D.;Schriefers, Herbert
最近的一些研究对言语产生过程中词汇选择是一个竞争过程的观点提出了质疑。反对竞争选择的一种证据是观察到，在图片-文字干扰任务中，语义相关的干扰物可能有助于命名图片，而竞争选择帐户预测它们会干扰。在本文报道的实验中，作者系统地改变了给定类型的语义关系，也就是说，基本水平的干扰物（例如，鱼）在下级命名期间（例如，carp）-呈现干扰词的模态（听觉对视觉）和响应一致试验的比例（即，允许从干扰物和目标两者导出正确命名响应的试验）。与听觉干扰，语义干扰得到的反应一致的试验（低实验1，高实验2）的比例无关。与视觉干扰，没有语义效果，得到了低比例的反应一致的试验（实验3），而语义促进效果得到了高比例的反应一致的试验（实验4）。作者认为，两个过程有助于观察到的图片-单词干扰范式中的语义效应，即竞争选择（导致干扰）和反应一致性（导致促进）。反应一致性的易化效应是否能压倒竞争的干扰效应，取决于这两个过程的相对强弱。
A number of recent studies have questioned the idea that lexical selection during speech production is a competitive process. One type of evidence against selection by competition is the observation that in the picture-word interference task semantically related distractors may facilitate the naming of a picture, whereas the selection by competition account predicts them to interfere. In the experiments reported in this article, the authors systematically varied, for a given type of semantic relation-that is, basic-level distractors (e.g., fish) during subordinate-level naming (e.g., carp)-the modality in which distractor words were presented (auditory vs. visual) and the proportion of response-congruent trials (i.e., trials allowing for the correct naming response to be derived from both the distractor and the target). With auditory distractors, semantic interference was obtained irrespective of the proportion of response-congruent trials (low in Experiment 1, high in Experiment 2). With visual distractors, no semantic effect was obtained with a low proportion of response-congruent trials (Experiment 3), whereas a semantic facilitation effect was obtained with a high proportion of response-congruent trials (Experiment 4). The authors propose that two processes contribute to semantic effects observed in the picture-word interference paradigm, namely selection by competition (leading to interference) and response congruency (leading to facilitation). Whether facilitation due to response congruency overrules the interference effect because of competition depends on the relative strength of these two processes.