The use of museum specimens with high-throughput DNA sequencers.

The use of museum specimens with high-throughput DNA sequencers.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.10.015
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发表时间:
2015-02
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Bergey, Christina M.
Bergey, Christina M.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Burrell, Andrew S.;Disotell, Todd R.;Bergey, Christina M.

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长期以来,自然历史收藏一直被形态学家、解剖学家和分类学家用来探索进化过程和描述生物多样性。这些生物档案还为分类学、保育、系统学和种群生物学中的基因研究提供了巨大的机会。它们可以分析过去的种群,包括那些灭绝物种的种群,为目前的遗传变异模式和进化过程的直接测量提供背景。尽管有这种潜力,博物馆标本很难处理,因为自然的尸检过程和保存方法会破坏DNA。这些问题限制了遗传学家使用自然历史收集的能力,主要是限制了可以调查的基因组的数量。然而,最近DNA测序技术的进步从根本上改变了这一点,使从博物馆标本中进行真正的基因组研究成为可能。我们回顾了使用博物馆标本的机会和缺点,并建议如何在纳入此类样本时最好地执行项目。几种高通量(HT)测序方法,包括全基因组鸟枪测序、序列捕获和限制性内切酶(此处演示),可以用于存档的生物材料。
Natural history collections have long been used by morphologists, anatomists, and taxonomists to probe the evolutionary process and describe biological diversity. These biological archives also offer great opportunities for genetic research in taxonomy, conservation, systematics, and population biology. They allow assays of past populations, including those of extinct species, giving context to present patterns of genetic variation and direct measures of evolutionary processes. Despite this potential, museum specimens are difficult to work with because natural postmortem processes and preservation methods fragment and damage DNA. These problems have restricted geneticists’ ability to use natural history collections primarily by limiting how much of the genome can be surveyed. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology, however, have radically changed this, making truly genomic studies from museum specimens possible. We review the opportunities and drawbacks of the use of museum specimens, and suggest how to best execute projects when incorporating such samples. Several high-throughput (HT) sequencing methodologies, including whole genome shotgun sequencing, sequence capture, and restriction digests (demonstrated here), can be used with archived biomaterials.
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