XROMM and diceCT reveal a hydraulic mechanism of tongue base retraction in swallowing
XROMM and diceCT reveal a hydraulic mechanism of tongue base retraction in swallowing
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-64935-z
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发表时间：
2020-05-19
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ross, Callum F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Orsbon, Courtney P.;Gidmark, Nicholas J.;Ross, Callum F.
在灵长类动物吞咽期间，舌根回缩（TBR）驱使食物团穿过口咽朝向食道，并将会厌翻转到喉部入口上，从而防止食物渗透和吸入气道。尽管TBR对于吞咽性能的重要性，但对TBR的机制知之甚少。使用四只猕猴的双平面视频放射成像（XROMM），我们测试了外在肌肉缩短假说，该假说认为舌骨舌肌和茎突舌肌的缩短向后拉动舌根，以及肌肉静水或内在舌肌假说，这表明，因为舌头是由不可压缩的流体组成的，内在肌肉缩短增加了舌头的长度，并使舌根向后移位。我们的数据证明这些假设是错误的。相反，我们提出了一种新的液压机制TBR：缩短和旋转舌骨上肌肉压缩之间的硬腭，舌骨和口底的舌头，挤压中线舌根和食物团回到口咽。我们的液压机制与人类舌头吞咽运动学的可用数据是一致的。舌根回缩不良的康复可能受益于治疗期间包括舌骨上肌肉锻炼。
During primate swallowing, tongue base retraction (TBR) drives the food bolus across the oropharynx towards the esophagus and flips the epiglottis over the laryngeal inlet, protecting against penetration and aspiration of food into the airway. Despite the importance of TBR for swallowing performance, the mechanics of TBR are poorly understood. Using biplanar videoradiography (XROMM) of four macaque monkeys, we tested the extrinsic muscle shortening hypothesis, which posits that shortening of the hyoglossus and styloglossus muscles pulls the tongue base posteriorly, and the muscular hydrostat or intrinsic tongue muscle hypothesis, which suggests that, because the tongue is composed of incompressible fluid, intrinsic muscle shortening increases tongue length and displaces the tongue base posteriorly. Our data falsify these hypotheses. Instead we suggest a novel hydraulic mechanism of TBR: shortening and rotation of suprahyoid muscles compresses the tongue between the hard palate, hyoid and mouth floor, squeezing the midline tongue base and food bolus back into the oropharynx. Our hydraulic mechanism is consistent with available data on human tongue swallowing kinematics. Rehabilitation for poor tongue base retraction might benefit from including suprahyoid muscle exercises during treatment.