Jail incarceration, homelessness, and mental health: A national study
Jail incarceration, homelessness, and mental health: A national study
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DOI：
10.1176/ps.2008.59.2.170
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Rosenheck, Robert A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenberg, Greg A.;Rosenheck, Robert A.
目的：本研究旨在调查成年监狱囚犯的无家可归率及其相关因素，特别是精神疾病。方法：采用全国监狱在押人员调查数据（N= 6,953），将监狱在押人员前一年无家可归的比例与总人口前一年无家可归的比例进行比较，并对监狱样本的年龄、种族、民族和性别分布进行标准化。然后使用逻辑回归来检查监狱囚犯无家可归与精神疾病的症状或治疗、以前的刑事司法参与、最近的具体犯罪和人口特征等因素的关联程度。结果：无家可归的囚犯（即那些在入狱前一年任何时候报告有过无家可归经历的人）占美国监狱人口的15.3%，是标准估计的美国普通成年人1.36%至2.03%的7.5至11.3倍。与其他囚犯相比，那些无家可归的人更有可能因财产犯罪而被监禁，但他们也更有可能在过去的刑事司法系统中涉及非暴力和暴力犯罪，有精神健康和药物滥用问题，受教育程度较低，失业。结论：监狱囚犯最近无家可归的比例是一般人群的7.5到11.3倍。无家可归和监禁似乎增加了彼此的风险，而这些因素似乎受到精神疾病和药物滥用以及不利的社会人口特征的调节。
Objective: This study sought to investigate the rates and correlates of homelessness, especially mental illness, among adult jail inmates. Methods: Data from a national survey of jail inmates (N= 6,953) were used to compare the proportion of jail inmates who had been homeless in the previous year with the proportion of persons in the general population who had been homeless in the previous year, after standardization to the age, race and ethnicity, and gender distribution of the jail sample. Logistic regression was then used to examine the extent to which homelessness among jail inmates was associated with factors such as symptoms or treatment of mental illness, previous criminal justice involvement, specific recent crimes, and demographic characteristics. Results: Inmates who had been homeless (that is, those who reported an episode of homelessness anytime in the year before incarceration) made up 15.3% of the U. S. jail population, or 7.5 to 11.3 times the standardized estimate of 1.36% to 2.03% in the general U. S. adult population. In comparison with other inmates, those who had been homeless were more likely to be currently incarcerated for a property crime, but they were also more likely to have past criminal justice system involvement for both nonviolent and violent offenses, to have mental health and substance abuse problems, to be less educated, and to be unemployed. Conclusions: Recent homelessness was 7.5 to 11.3 times more common among jail inmates than in the general population. Homelessness and incarceration appear to increase the risk of each other, and these factors seem to be mediated by mental illness and substance abuse, as well as by disadvantageous sociodemographic characteristics.