Damage diagnosis on stone monuments - weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices
Damage diagnosis on stone monuments - weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices
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石碑损伤诊断——风化形式、损伤类别和损伤指数
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Heinrichs
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Fitzner;K. Heinrichs
石碑是世界文化遗产的重要组成部分。人们认识到，对古迹的石头破坏越来越多，加上文化遗产有可能遭受无法挽回的损失，因此全世界为保护古迹作出了巨大努力。需要有意义的损伤诊断来对结石损伤进行全面表征、解释和评级。文物现场调查是对石质文物进行损伤诊断的重要手段。纪念碑映射方法作为一个既定的非破坏性的程序，在现场研究石头损坏。它可以客观地和可复制地应用于所有石材类型和所有类型的石碑。随后使用的风化形式，损害类别和损害指数的精确登记，文件，定量评估和评级的石头损害的解释。它提供了一个现代的贡献，以提高科学知识在石材退化领域，它促进了重要的信息的必要性，紧迫性和适当类型的经济和可持续的古迹保护措施。此外，它非常适合认证和控制保护措施，以及长期调查和维护石碑。创新的评估策略“风化形式-损坏类别-损坏指数”是基于风化形式的详细分类方案，该方案是在对世界各地众多古迹进行调查的基础上制定的，考虑到不同的石头类型和不同的环境。描述了系统评价石材损坏的方法-基于纪念碑映射，并通过一些案例研究展示了实际应用。
Stone monuments represent an important part of our world s cultural heritage. The awareness of increasing stone damage on monuments coupled with the danger of irretrievable loss of cultural heritage has resulted in great efforts worldwide for monument preservation. Meaningful damage diagnosis is required for comprehensive characterization, interpretation and rating of the stone damage. In situ investigation of monuments makes an important contribution to damage diagnosis on stone monuments. The monument mapping method is presented as an established non-destructive procedure for in situ studies on stone damage. It can be applied objectively and reproducibly to all stone types and to all kinds of stone monuments. The consequent use of weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices for precise registration, documentation, quantitative evaluation and rating of stone damages is explained. It provides a modern contribution to improvement of scientific knowledge in the field of stone deterioration and it facilitates important information on the need, urgency and appropriate types of economic and sustainable monument preservation measures. Furthermore, it is very suitable for certification and control of preservation measures and for long-term survey and maintenance of stone monuments. The innovative evaluation strategy ‘weathering forms – damage categories – damage indices’ is based on a detailed classification scheme of weathering forms, that has been developed on the basis of investigation at numerous monuments worldwide considering different stone types and different environments. The methodological approach to systematic evaluation of stone damage -based on monument mapping is described and practical applications are demonstrated by means of some case studies.