Natural mullites: chemical composition, crystal structure, and optical properties
Natural mullites: chemical composition, crystal structure, and optical properties
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天然莫来石:化学成分、晶体结构和光学特性
DOI:
10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2812
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
Fischer
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Birkenstock;Fischer;Schüller;Schneider;Fischer
Synthetic mullite (Al2[Al2+2xSi2-2x]O10-x) is a very well characterised material. Due to its outstanding properties it is used for a vast range of technical applications representing one of the most important groups of ceramic materials. In contrast to the synthetic product, the mineral mullite is only poorly investigated. In this study crystal-structure refinements of natural mullites are presented for the first time. Three mullite single-crystals from the Ettringer Bellerberg, Eifel area, Germany (ME1 & ME2) and from Kladno, Czech Republic (MK1) have been examined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods, Electron Microprobe Analyses (EMPA), and the spindle-stage method to determine the refractive indices. Chemical analyses revealed an incorporation of Fe and Ti cations and yielded the following compositions per formula unit withZ= 1: Al4.34Fe0.12Si1.49Ti0.05O9.77for ME1 corresponding to anx-value ofx= 0.23(4); ME2 consists of two different parts with compositions of Al4.406Fe0.103Si1.455Ti0.037O9.746and Al4.15Fe0.107Si1.68Ti0.06O9.872corresponding tox= 0.254(2) andx= 0.128(14), respectively; MK1 has a composition of Al4.40Fe0.018Si1.58O9.791withx= 0.209(15). The crystal structure of natural mullite is similar to its synthetic counterpart with chains of edge-sharing (Al, Fe)O6octahedra parallelccrosslinked by T2O7groups with T = Al,Si and a number of oxygen vacancies corresponding to thex-value in the general composition. Mullite crystals belong to the orthorhombic space groupPbamwitha= 7.5542(3) Å,b= 7.6998(3) Å,c= 2.8935(1) Å,V= 168.31(2) Å3for ME1;a= 7.5353(3) Å,b= 7.7018(3) Å,c= 2.8928(3) Å,V= 167.89(4) Å3for ME2 representing average values for the two parts;a= 7.5439(3) Å,b= 7.6958(3) Å,c= 2.8879(1) Å,V= 167.66(1) Å3for MK1. The refinements give clear evidence that iron predominantly enters the octahedral sites, which is an explanation for the slight increase in lattice parametersc. It could be demonstrated that the incorporation of the foreign cations (Fe, Ti) increases the refractive indices (nx≈ny= 1.654(2) andnz= 1.668(2) for ME1;nx≈ny= 1.648(4) andnz= 1.662(4) for MK1). Our results confirm previous findings, that mullite minerals are commonly formed on the SiO2-rich side (x< 0.25) of the Al2O3–SiO2system with compositions not yet observed for synthetic mullites, which usually range between about 0.25 ≤x≤ 0.4.
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影响因子:
6.1
作者:
B. Butler;T. Welberry
通讯作者:
T. Welberry
影响因子:
3.5
作者:
G. Markl
通讯作者:
G. Markl
DOI:
10.1107/s205252061500757x
发表时间:
2015
期刊:
Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials
影响因子:
--
作者:
J. Birkenstock;V. Petříček;B. Pedersen;H. Schneider;R. Fischer
通讯作者:
R. Fischer
影响因子:
3.1
作者:
D. Mack;K. Becker;H. Schneider
通讯作者:
H. Schneider
影响因子:
3.9
作者:
R. J. Preston;T. Dempster;B. Bell;G. Rogers
通讯作者:
G. Rogers