Antivirals Targeting Influenza A Virus
Antivirals Targeting Influenza A Virus
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DOI：
10.1021/jm300455c
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发表时间：
2012-07-26
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Das, Kalyan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Das, Kalyan
流感是由流感病毒引起的。预防甲型和B型流感的主要方法是接种疫苗。季节性流感病毒通过改变其表面糖蛋白血凝素（HA或H）不断经历抗原变异。流感疫苗每年都要重新配制，以适应抗原的变化。这些制剂由公共卫生组织如WHO、CDC和FDA推荐。1每年，根据对流行毒株的全球监测和分析，预测预计将主导即将到来的流感季节的主要毒株。例如，为2011 - 2012年流感季节选择的毒株是A/加州/7/09（H1N1-大流行）、A/珀斯/16/2009（H3 N2）和B/布里斯班/60/2008（http：//www.bisbane.org/60/2008）。FDA. gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm263319. htm）。甲型流感是大流行性流感的罪魁祸首。甲型流感亚型的特征在于两种不同的表面糖蛋白：血凝素（HA或H）和神经氨酸酶（NA或N）。野生鸟类是甲型流感病毒的宿主。禽流感病毒株定期迁移到哺乳动物（包括人类）中流行的病毒库中，来自人类和禽流感A病毒的基因组RNA片段的复制可导致大流行病毒株的出现。2此外，鸟类毒株可以适应人类宿主，并通过后天突变获得人与人之间的传播能力。人类对流感亚型或毒株（而非目前流行的流感病毒）的意外适应导致大流行性流感。1918年H1N1（西班牙流感）、1957年H2 N2（亚洲流感）、1968年H3 N2（香港流感）、2005年H5 N1（禽流感）和2009年H1N1（猪流感）的大流行象征着大流行性流感对公共卫生和社会经济的破坏性影响，并使我们对任何此类爆发保持警惕。2005年H5 N1病毒适应人际传播和出现对达菲有抗药性的甲型流感病毒是迫在眉睫的威胁。此外，季节性流感每年造成约5万人死亡。
Flu is caused by influenza viruses. The primary defense against influenza A and B is through vaccination. Seasonal flu viruses constantly undergo antigenic variations by changing their surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA or H). The flu vaccines are reformulated each year to match antigenic variations. The formulations are recommended by public health organizations such as WHO, CDC, and FDA. 1 Each year, the predominant strains expected to dominate the coming flu season are predicted based on global surveillance and analysis of circulating strains. For example, the strains selected for the 2011− 2012 flu season are A/California/7/09 (H1N1-pandemic), A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2), and B/Brisbane/60/2008 (http://www. fda. gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm263319. htm). Influenza A is responsible for pandemic flu. Influenza A subtypes are characterized by two different surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (HA or H) and neuraminidase (NA or N). Wild birds are the reservoir of influenza A viruses. Avian strains are periodically migrated into the pool of virus circulating in mammals including humans, and reassortments of genomic RNA segments from human and avian influenza A viruses can lead to emergence of pandemic strains. 2 Also, an avian strain can adapt to the human host and attain human-to-human transmission capability through acquired mutations. An unexpected human adaptation of an influenza subtype or strain other than currently circulating influenza viruses causes pandemic flu. The pandemics of 1918 H1N1 (Spanish flu), 1957 H2N2 (Asian flu), 1968 H3N2 (Hong Kong flu), 2005 H5N1 (bird flu), and 2009 H1N1 (swine flu) symbolize the devastating public health and socioeconomic impacts of pandemic flu and keep us alert for any such outbreak. Adaptation of 2005 H5N1 virus for human-to-human transmission and emergence of Tamiflu-resistant influenza A viruses are among the imminent threats. Additionally, seasonal flu is responsible for about 50 000 deaths per year.