Developmental Trajectories of Substance Use From Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Gender and Racial/Ethnic Differences
Developmental Trajectories of Substance Use From Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Gender and Racial/Ethnic Differences
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.05.013
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Jacobson, Kristen C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Pan;Jacobson, Kristen C.
目的：本研究使用具有全国代表性的样本，考察了从青少年早期到青年期在饮酒、酗酒、吸烟和吸食大麻的发展轨迹方面的性别以及种族/族裔（西班牙裔、非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔非裔美国人和非西班牙裔亚裔）差异。
方法：来自全国青少年健康纵向研究（N = 20160）的参与者报告了12岁到34岁之间饮酒、酗酒、吸烟和吸食大麻的比率。数据分析采用纵向多层模型分析完成。
结果：物质使用水平从青少年早期到20多岁中期上升，之后下降。女性在青少年早期物质使用水平较高，尽管男性随时间推移表现出更大的变化，并且在青少年中期和青年早期使用水平更高。总体而言，西班牙裔青少年最初的物质使用比率较高，而白人青少年变化比率较高，并且从青少年中期到30岁出头物质使用水平最高。30岁以后种族/族裔差异基本消失，但非裔美国人最终的吸烟和吸食大麻水平比其他种族/族裔群体更高。结果为不同物质使用形式的一般发展模式以及性别和种族/族裔差异方面的相似性和差异性提供了证据。
结论：本研究的结果表明，物质使用干预和预防的关键时期可能因性别和种族/族裔而异，并且未来的研究需要确定不同物质使用形式发展模式背后的共同和独特机制。（C）2012青少年健康与医学协会。保留所有权利。
Purpose: The current study examined gender and racial/ethnic (Hispanics, non-Hispanic Caucasians, non-Hispanic African Americans, and non-Hispanic Asians) differences in developmental trajectories of alcohol use, heavy drinking, smoking, and marijuana use from early adolescence to young adulthood using a nationally representative sample.Methods: Participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 20,160) reported rates of alcohol use, heavy drinking, smoking, and marijuana use between the ages of 12 and 34 years. Data analyses were completed using longitudinal multilevel modeling analyses.Results: Levels of substance use increased from early adolescence to mid-20s, and then declined thereafter. Females showed higher levels of substance use in early adolescence, although males exhibited greater changes overtime and higher levels of use in mid-adolescence and early adulthood. Overall, Hispanic youth had higher initial rates of substance use, whereas Caucasian adolescents showed higher rates of change and had the highest levels of substance use from mid-adolescence through the early 30s. Racial/ethnic differences largely disappeared after age 30, except that African Americans showed higher final levels of smoking and marijuana use than the other racial/ethnic groups. Results provide evidence for both similarities and differences in general patterns of development and in gender and racial/ethnic differences across different forms of substance use.Conclusions: Findings from the current study suggest that the critical periods for intervention and prevention of substance use may differ across gender and race/ethnicity, and that future research needs to identify common and unique mechanisms underlying developmental patterns of different forms of substance use. (C) 2012 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.