Evidence for olfactory search in wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans
Evidence for olfactory search in wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0709047105
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发表时间：
2008-03-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Weimerskirch, Henri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nevitt, Gabrielle A.;Losekoot, Marcel;Weimerskirch, Henri
游荡的信天翁（Diomedea exulans）在数千平方公里的公海上觅食，寻找零散分布的活猎物和腐肉。这些鸟有大的嗅球，在海上试验中对鱼香味的气味有反应，这表明嗅觉在自然觅食行为中起着重要作用。随着新的，精细尺度的跟踪技术的出现，我们开始探索鸟类如何在远洋环境中跟踪猎物，我们将这些观察与自然情况下的气味传输模型。这些模型表明，从猎物发出的气味将倾向于分散横向和顺风的气味源，并获得不规则和补丁的浓度分布，由于湍流运输。对于在海洋上觅食的海鸟，这种情况表明，嗅觉搜索将促进逆风飞行，以优化遇到从猎物项目发出的羽流的概率，然后逆风，曲折飞行本地化的猎物。相比之下，通过视线接近猎物的鸟类预计会直接飞向猎物，而不管风向如何。使用高精度的全球定位系统（GPS）记录器结合胃温记录器，同时监测喂养事件，我们证实了这些预测在自由范围徘徊信天翁。我们发现，最初的嗅觉检测涉及近一半（46.8%）的所有飞行方法之前的猎物捕获事件，占45.5%的总猎物质量捕获的飞行觅食。这些结果提供了深入了解的感官基础区域限制搜索在大空间尺度的开放的海洋。
Wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) forage over thousands of square kilometers of open ocean for patchily distributed live prey and carrion. These birds have large olfactory bulbs and respond to fishy-scented odors in at-sea trials, suggesting that olfaction plays a role in natural foraging behavior. With the advent of new, fine-scale tracking technologies, we are beginning to explore how birds track prey in the pelagic environment, and we relate these observations to models of odor transport in natural situations. These models suggest that odors emanating from prey will tend to disperse laterally and downwind of the odor source and acquire an irregular and patchy concentration distribution due to turbulent transport. For a seabird foraging over the ocean, this scenario suggests that olfactory search would be facilitated by crosswind flight to optimize the probability of encountering a plume emanating from a prey item, followed by upwind, zigzag flight to localize the prey. By contrast, birds approaching prey by sight would be expected to fly directly to a prey item, irrespective of wind direction. Using high-precision global positioning system (GPS) loggers in conjunction with stomach temperature recorders to simultaneously monitor feeding events, we confirm these predictions in freely ranging wandering albatrosses. We found that initial olfactory detection was implicated in nearly half (46.8%) of all flown approaches preceding prey-capture events, accounting for 45.5% of total prey mass captured by in-flight foraging. These results offer insights into the sensory basis for area-restricted search at the large spatial scales of the open ocean.