Biogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Implications of a New Woodpecker Species (Aves, Picidae) from the Early Pliocene of South Africa

Biogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Implications of a New Woodpecker Species (Aves, Picidae) from the Early Pliocene of South Africa
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南非上新世早期啄木鸟新种(鸟纲,啄木鸟科)的生物地理和古环境意义

DOI:
10.1080/02724634.2012.664597
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Louchart
Louchart
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Manegold;Louchart

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南非Langebaanweg Varswater组的一个不完整的喙突以及孤立的尺骨、腕掌和跗跖骨(上新世早期),可归属于真啄木鸟的一新属新种(云杉科,云杉亚科),南方古猿nelsonmandelai,新分类群是第一个记录的前更新世记录的啄木鸟来自整个非洲大陆,它显然不同于现存的三个谱系的啄木鸟是撒哈拉以南非洲特有的,即,Campethera-Geocolaptes,Dendropicos,and Dendrocopos obsoletus.我们的系统发育分析表明,新的分类群形成一个分支与现存的啄木鸟属Celeus和Dryocopus,这并不发生在非洲,但在美洲和欧亚大陆。新的分类群代表了以前未知的欧亚起源的非洲啄木鸟的第四个谱系,可能是由于中新世期间的环境变化而在非洲大陆上孤立的。化石记录中的树栖真啄木鸟的证据强烈支持了先前关于上新世早期朗格班韦格河流森林存在的假设。
A fragmentary coracoid as well as isolated ulnae, carpometacarpi, and tarsometatarsi from the Varswater Formation at Langebaanweg, South Africa (early Pliocene), can be assigned to a new genus and species of true woodpecker (Picidae, Picinae),Australopicus nelsonmandelai, gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon is the first documented pre-Pleistocene record of woodpeckers from the entire African continent and it is clearly distinct from the three extant lineages of Picinae that are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, i.e.,Campethera-Geocolaptes,Dendropicos, andDendrocopos obsoletus. Our phylogenetic analysis shows that the new taxon forms a clade with the extant woodpecker generaCeleusandDryocopus, which do not occur in Africa, but in the Americas and Eurasia. The new taxon represents a previously unknown fourth lineage of African woodpeckers of Eurasian origin that probably became isolated on the African continent as a result of environmental changes during the Miocene. Evidence for an arboreal true woodpecker in the fossil record strongly supports previous hypotheses regarding the presence of riverine forests at Langebaanweg during the early Pliocene.
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