Chemical and Phytochemical Properties of Fresh and Dried Moringa Oliferiea ( PKM-1 ) Leaf Powder
Chemical and Phytochemical Properties of Fresh and Dried Moringa Oliferiea ( PKM-1 ) Leaf Powder
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新鲜和干燥辣木 (PKM-1) 叶粉的化学和植物化学特性
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
R. Chandra
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作者：
Hradesh Rajput;S. Prasad;P. Srivastav;Neha Singh;L. Suraj;R. Chandra
辣木是单属植物中栽培最广泛的种类。辣木原产于印度、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和阿富汗的喜马拉雅山下地区[1]。它已经蔓延到亚洲的大部分地区，几乎整个非洲，南美洲，北美南部和欧洲的一些口袋[1，2]。它最初起源于大约5000年前的印度北方地区，不久也进入了南部地区。这是一个亚热带物种，被称为不同的区域名称，如benzolive，鼓槌树，kelor，marango，mulangay，nébéday，saijhan，mooringai和sajna。目前，食品和制药行业最重要的趋势之一是对有价值的天然营养化合物来源的需求不断增长。叶子也不含抗营养因子，如酚类、单宁和皂苷。它是一种多用途和特别营养的蔬菜树，具有各种潜在用途。它具有非常高的营养特性，可用作食品补充剂，特别是在那些被降级的社区。它不仅对人类有用，而且对动物也有用，并且在各种工业应用中也有用，它含有丙酮，可以制备成草药制剂，这是一种有效的抗疟疾生物制剂[3]。这些树木有可能成为新药物的来源[4]。它也是一种有效的水净化剂，从而为数百万人提供清洁的饮用水[5]。干叶中的微量营养素含量更高;（胡萝卜维生素A的10倍），（牛奶钙的17倍），（香蕉钾的15倍），（菠菜铁的25倍）和（酸奶蛋白质的9倍）[6]。辣木不仅是天然抗氧化剂的重要来源[7]，也是印度重要的药用植物和印度美食的重要成分。它含有高浓度的抗坏血酸、雌激素物质和β-谷甾醇、铁、钙、磷、铜、维生素A、B和C、维生素E、核黄素、烟酸、吡哆醇、β-胡萝卜素、蛋白质，特别是必需氨基酸如甲硫氨酸、胱氨酸、色氨酸和赖氨酸。维生素C，它可以对抗包括感冒和流感在内的一系列疾病;维生素A，它可以预防眼疾、皮肤病、心脏病、腹泻和许多其他疾病;钙，它可以强健骨骼和牙齿，有助于预防骨质疏松症;钾，它对大脑和神经的功能至关重要。另一个重要的一点是，辣木叶含有所有必需氨基酸的良好比例，这是蛋白质的基石。这些叶子对人们来说可能是一个很大的布恩。油茶（PKM-1）叶粉。干燥的辣木叶粉末使用箱式干燥器在60-70 ℃下6-8小时制备。并研磨成细粉。对叶样品进行了近缘、矿物、植物化学性质的研究。新鲜和干燥的辣木叶粉的水分含量为72.83 - 7.43%，乙醚提取物为4.59 - 9.53%，粗纤维为5.75 - 22.03%，总矿物质为4.59 - 9.53%，粗蛋白为5.29 - 20.42%，碳水化合物为10.57 - 50.16%。辣木鲜叶粉和干叶粉中的主要矿质元素分别为Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Cu，分别为475.33、40.33、328.33、7.63、0.15和20.32、387.83、1545.33、26.69、0.83 mg/100 g。辣木鲜叶和干叶中抗坏血酸和总酚含量分别为231.28 ~ 106.28和62.32 ~ 253.00 mg/100 g。辣木干叶的抗氧化活性最高，达9489.80%.我们的结论是M.油茶样品可用于食用和商业应用。
Moringaoleifera is the most widely cultivated species of a monogeneric family. The Moringa this is native to the subHimalayan tracts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan [1]. It had spread to most part of Asia, nearly the whole of Africa, South America, southern part of North America and some pockets in Europe [1, 2]. It is originated initially in the Northern part of India some 5000 years back and soon moved into the Southern parts as well. It is a sub-tropical species that is known by different regional names as benzolive, drumstick tree, kelor, marango, mulangay, nébéday, saijhan, mooringai and sajna. Presently, one of the most important trends in food and pharmaceutical industries is the growing demand for valuable natural sources of nutritional compounds. The leaves are also free of anti-nutritive factors such as phenols, tannins and saponins. It is a multipurpose and exceptionally nutritious vegetable tree with a variety of potential uses. It has very high nutritional properties that would be useful as a food supplement, especially in those relegated communities. It is useful not only for human beings but also for animals and also in various industrial applications, it contains acetone which can be prepared into herbal formulation which is an effective anti-malaria bio agent [3]. Such trees have the potential to be a source of new drugs [4]. It is also an effective water clarifier using the seed, thus providing millions of people with clean drinking water [5]. The micro-nutrient content is even more in dried leaves; (ten times the vitamin A of carrots), (17 times the calcium of milk), (15 times the potassium of bananas), (25 times the iron of spinach) and (9 times the protein of yogurt) [6]. Moringaoleifera is not only an important source of naturally occurring antioxidant [7].It is also an important Indian medicinal plant and an important ingredient of the Indian cuisine. It contains high concentrations of ascorbic acid, estrogenic substances and beta-sitosterol, iron, calcium, phosphorus, copper, vitamins A, B and C, alphatocopherol, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, beta-carotene, protein, and in particular essential amino acids such as methionine, cystine, tryptophan and lysine. vitamin C, which fights a host of illnesses including colds and flu; vitamin A, which acts as a shield against eye disease, skin disease, heart ailments, diarrhea, and many other diseases; Calcium, which builds strong bones and teeth and helps prevent osteoporosis; Potassium, which is essential for the functioning of the brain and nerves. Another important point is that Moringa leaves contain all of the essential amino acids in a good proportion, which are the building blocks of proteins. These leaves could be a great boon to people Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical and phytochemical properties of fresh and dried M. oleifera (PKM-1) leaf powder. Dried moringa leaves powder was prepared using cabinet dryer at 60-70 0 C for 6-8 hrs. and grind into fine powder. Proximate, mineral, phytochemical properties were carried out on the leaf samples. Fresh and dried moringa leaf powder exhibited moisture levels varying from 72.83 to 7.43%, ether extract from 4.59 to 9.53%, crude fibre from 5.75 to 22.03%, total minerals from 4.59 to 9.53%, crude protein from 5.29 to 20.42%, and carbohydrates from 10.57 to 50.16%. The predominant mineral elements in the fresh and dried moringa leaf powder were Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, 475.33, 40.33, 328.33, 7.63, 0.15 and 20.32, 387.83, 1545.33, 26.69, 0.83 mg/100g respectably. The phytochemical properties revealed that the ascorbic acid and total phenols of fresh and dried moringa leaves ranged from (231.28 to 106.28) and (62.32 to 253.00) mg/100 g, respectively. Antioxidant activities were found to be best in dried moringa leaves 9489.80 % activity. We concluded that M. oleifera samples could be employed in edible and commercial applications.