The Political Origins of Coordinated Capitalism: Business Organizations, Party Systems, and State Structure in the Age of Innocence
The Political Origins of Coordinated Capitalism: Business Organizations, Party Systems, and State Structure in the Age of Innocence
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协调资本主义的政治起源：纯真时代的商业组织、政党制度和国家结构
DOI：
10.1017/s0003055408080155
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Duane H. Swank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Martin;Duane H. Swank
本文探讨了社团主义和多元主义雇主协会的政治决定因素，并反思了20世纪世纪前几十年各种资本主义的起源。我们假设，比例，多党制倾向于使雇主协会发展成为社会社团主义组织，而非比例，两党制有利于多元化协会的形成。此外，我们认为，联邦制倾向于加强多元组织的激励。我们评估我们的假设，通过定量分析的数据从1900年到20世纪30年代从16个国家和案例研究的起源高峰雇主协会在丹麦和美国。我们的统计分析表明，比例制、多党制有利于社会社团主义商业组织，而联邦制不利于社会社团主义商业组织;劳动动员、协调传统和经济发展水平较高的地方，雇主组织也更强大。这些因素也在很大程度上解释了第二次世界大战前资本主义国家协调的模式。丹麦和美国雇主协会起源的历史案例进一步证实了政治因素的因果重要性。尽管丹麦和美国的雇主在制定合作性的国家产业政策方面有着相似的利益，但协会发展的轨迹受到政党竞争结构以及前工业化时期协调传统的制约。
This paper investigates the political determinants of corporatist and pluralist employers' associations and reflects on the origins of the varieties of capitalism in the early decades of the 20th century. We hypothesize that proportional, multiparty systems tend to enable employers' associations to develop into social corporatist organizations, whereas nonproportional, two-party systems are conducive to the formation of pluralist associations. Moreover, we suggest that federalism tends to reinforce incentives for pluralist organization. We assess our hypotheses through quantitative analysis of data from 1900 to the 1930s from 16 nations and case studies of the origins of peak employers' associations in Denmark and the United States. Our statistical analysis suggests that proportional, multiparty systems foster, and federalism works against, social corporatist business organization; employers' organization is also greater where the mobilization of labor, traditions of coordination, and economic development are higher. These factors also largely explain pre-World War II patterns of national coordination of capitalism. Case histories of the origins of employers' associations in Denmark and the United States further confirm the causal importance of political factors. Although Danish and American employers had similar interests in creating cooperative national industrial policies, trajectories of associational development were constrained by the structure of party competition, as well as by preindustrial traditions for coordination.