Adult Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis: Possible Mechanisms for Neurorestoration.
Adult Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis: Possible Mechanisms for Neurorestoration.
复制标题
成人神经发生和神经胶质发生：神经修养的可能机制。
DOI：
10.5607/en.2016.25.3.103
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发表时间：
2016-06
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Fu Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rusznák Z;Henskens W;Schofield E;Kim WS;Fu Y
颗粒下区（subgranular zone，SGZ）和脑室下区（subventricular zone，SVZ）是脑胚区的发育残留物，因此它们在成年后仍保留产生神经元祖细胞的能力。成人脑中的神经发生具有适应性功能，因为新产生的神经元可以整合并修改现有的神经元回路。与SGZ和SVZ相反，其他脑区产生新神经元的能力较低，并且这通常通过实质和脑室周围细胞发生。与神经发生相比，胶质细胞发生在成年哺乳动物脑中更早。在某些情况下，神经发生和胶质细胞发生相互作用，促进胶质细胞向神经元谱系转化。因此，调节神经发生和胶质细胞发生之间的平衡可能为神经恢复提供新的视角，特别是在与改变的神经发生和/或胶质细胞发生、细胞损失或细胞组成的稳态紊乱相关的疾病中。本综述讨论了成人神经发生和胶质细胞生成的重要神经解剖学特征，旨在探讨这些过程如何被调制成成人大脑的功能修复。
The subgranular zone (SGZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ) are developmental remnants of the germinal regions of the brain, hence they retain the ability to generate neuronal progenitor cells in adult life. Neurogenesis in adult brain has an adaptive function because newly produced neurons can integrate into and modify existing neuronal circuits. In contrast to the SGZ and SVZ, other brain regions have a lower capacity to produce new neurons, and this usually occurs via parenchymal and periventricular cell genesis. Compared to neurogenesis, gliogenesis occurs more prevalently in the adult mammalian brain. Under certain circumstances, interaction occurs between neurogenesis and gliogenesis, facilitating glial cells to transform into neuronal lineage. Therefore, modulating the balance between neurogenesis and gliogenesis may present a new perspective for neurorestoration, especially in diseases associated with altered neurogenesis and/or gliogenesis, cell loss, or disturbed homeostasis of cellular constitution. The present review discusses important neuroanatomical features of adult neurogenesis and gliogenesis, aiming to explore how these processes could be modulated toward functional repair of the adult brain.