MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE - PROPOSED NOMENCLATURE FOR ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA ORGANISM (EATON AGENT)
MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE - PROPOSED NOMENCLATURE FOR ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA ORGANISM (EATON AGENT)
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DOI：
10.1126/science.140.3567.662
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发表时间：
1963-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
CHANOCK, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHANOCK, RM
先前的流行病学研究表明，大多数由冷凝集素引起的原发性非典型肺炎疾病与 Eaton、Meiklejohn 和 van Herick 于 1944 年首次描述的病原体有关 (1-8)。此外，该药剂还会引起一系列影响，从隐性感染到不伴肺炎的发热性呼吸道疾病 (5, 6)。 Recent studies have established that-the organism, previously known as" pri-mary atypical pneumonia virus" or" Eaton agent", is not a virus but a member of the genus Mycoplasma (pleuropneumonia-like organisms)(9-11).因此，至少 30 个菌株已在含有牛心浸液、酵母提取物和马血清的无细胞半固体或液体培养基中生长 (10-13)。如果没有血清或蛋黄等合适的替代品，则不会发生生长 (10, 14)。在半固体琼脂培养基上生长的菌落表现出支原体的菌落形态和精细结构特征 (10)。某些微生物抑制剂，例如醋酸铊、青霉素和两性霉素 B，不会影响微生物的生长 (10, 11)。然而，该药物会受到四环素类抗生素的抑制 (15)。直到最近，已知只有四种支原体可以感染人类。这些是 M. hominis 1 型、M. homi-nis 2 型、M. salivarium 和 M. fer-mentans。(16-18)。当通过免疫荧光或补体结合试验将非典型肺炎微生物与这些物种进行比较时，它在抗原上是不同的 (10, 19-21)。 It resembles M. fermentans in utilizing glucose andother sugars (22).该制剂在生物学上与四种公认的人类支原体物种不同，它能够使豚鼠和马红细胞产生快速且完全的溶血 (23, 24)。在下面
Previous epidemiologic studies have shown that most primary atypical pneu-monia illnesses in which cold agglutinins develop are associated with the agent first described by Eaton, Meiklejohn, and van Herick in 1944 (1-8). In addition the agent causes a spectrum of effects ranging from inapparent infection to febrile respiratory disease without pneumonia (5, 6). Recent studies have established that-the organism, previously known as" pri-mary atypical pneumonia virus" or" Eaton agent", is not a virus but a member of the genus Mycoplasma (pleuropneumonia-like organisms)(9-11). Thus, at least 30 strains have been grown in cell-free semisolid or liquid medium containing bovine heart infu-sion, yeast extract, and horse serum (10-13). Growth does not occur in the absence of serum or a suitable substi-* tute such as egg yolk (10, 14). The colonies which grow on semisolid agar medium exhibit a colonial morphology and fine structure characteristic of Mycoplasma (10). Certain microbial in-hibitors such as thallium acetate, penicillin, and amphotericin B do not affect growth of the organism (10, 11). The agent is inhibited, however, by the tetra-cycline group of antibiotics (15). Until recently only four species of mycoplasma were known to infect man. These are M. hominis type 1, M. homi-nis type 2, M. salivarium, and M. fer-mentans.(16-18). When the atypical pneumonia organism was compared with these species by immunofluores-cence or complement-fixation tests it was antigenically distinct (10, 19-21). It resembles M. fermentans in utilizing glucose andother sugars (22). The agent differs biologically from the four recognized human species of Mycoplasma by its ability to produce rapid and completehemolysis of guinea-pig and horse red cells (23, 24). Under