Late quaternary environmental history of the southern Levant
Late quaternary environmental history of the southern Levant
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黎凡特南部晚第四纪环境史
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发表时间：
1986
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通讯作者：
P. Goldberg
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. Goldberg
北方西奈半岛和西部内盖夫的晚第四纪历史是从大量富含史前和考古遗迹的地层序列中推断出来的。沿着将高地向西排到地中海的干河谷，有大量的暴露。最早的沉积物是粗糙的，圆形的砾石，含有旧石器时代中期的文物，可以追溯到大约。90，000至70，000 B. P.。这些被细粒砂、粉砂和粘土覆盖，最终为风成成因，但在沼泽条件下被低能水流重新沉积。其中包括旧石器时代晚期（约100万年前）。40，000至22，000 B. P.）旧石器时代（Epi-Paleolithic）15，000至12，000 B. P.）地点;通常是侵蚀阶段（约22，000至15，000年前）将两组工业分开。在靠近海岸的地区，时间上相当的沉积物主要是桑迪，反映了它们与西奈西部和北方的来源的接近程度。全新世的特征一般是下切，但河流和风成粉砂的沉积是在铜石时代（约1000年）有据可查。6，000 B.P.）。最后一个沉积事件是3-4米的河流泥沙的积累，其中含有拜占庭文物和放射性碳测年约在1990年至1999年之间。1750-600 B.P.）。虽然大多数序列可以用气候术语来解释，但拜占庭式或“历史填充”可能具有人为起源。
The Late Quaternary history of northern Sinai and the western Negev is inferred from a number of stratigraphic sequences rich in prehistoric and archaeologic remains. Exposures are abundant along the wadi courses which drain the highlands westward to the Mediterranean. Earliest deposition is represented by coarse, well rounded gravels containing Middle Paleolithic artifacts and is dated to ca. 90,000 to 70,000 B.P. These are overlain by finer grained sands, silts, and clays, ultimately of eolian origin, but re-deposited by low energy stream flows under marshy conditions. These contain in situ Upper Paleolithic (ca. 40,000 to 22,000 B.P.) and Epi-Paleolithic (ca. 15,000 to 12,000 B.P.) sites; commonly an erosional phase (ca. 22,000 to 15,000 years ago) separates the two groups of industries. In areas closer to the coast, temporally equivalent deposits are predominantly sandy, reflecting their proximity to the source in western and northern Sinai. The Holocene is generally characterized by downcutting but deposition of fluviatile and eolian silts is well documented during the Chalcolithic (ca. 6,000 B.P.). The last depositional event is the accumulation of 3–4 m of fluviatile silts containing Byzantine artifacts and radiocarbon dated between ca. 1750–600 B.P.). Whereas most of the sequences can be explained in climatic terms, the Byzantine or “Historical Fill” may have an anthropogenic origin.