Developmental stage-specific A-to-I editing pattern in the postnatal pineal gland of pigs (Sus scrofa)
Developmental stage-specific A-to-I editing pattern in the postnatal pineal gland of pigs (Sus scrofa)
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DOI：
10.1186/s40104-020-00495-6
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发表时间：
2020-09
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Rong Zhou;Wenye Yao;Chun-Di Xie;Leixia Zhang;Yangli Pei;Hua Li;Zheng Feng;Yalan Yang;Kui Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rong Zhou;Wenye Yao;Chun-Di Xie;Leixia Zhang;Yangli Pei;Hua Li;Zheng Feng;Yalan Yang;Kui Li
背景RNA编辑是哺乳动物基因组中广泛存在的一种转录后修饰机制。尽管在家猪中已经鉴定出许多编辑位点，（Sus scrofa），对松果体（PG）中RNA编辑的特征和动态调节知之甚少，松果体是一种合成和分泌褪黑激素的小神经内分泌腺，结果本研究分析了腺苷到肌苷（A-to-I）编辑调节因子的表达，并描绘了第一个动态的A-to-I编辑调节因子。出生后PG发育期间的IRNA编辑组。结果表明，ADAR 1是表达最丰富的阿达尔酶，在出生后PG发育过程中表达下调。此外，还鉴定了47，284个高置信度的RNA编辑位点，其中大多数（93.6%）是典型的A-to-I编辑类型，其次是C-to-T编辑。分析其特征表明，A-to-I编辑位点主要位于SINE反转录转座子PRE-1/Pre0_SS上。此外，在上游或下游的一个碱基的位置上，鸟嘌呤核苷酸的强烈缺陷和偏好，分别被发现。青春期的总体编辑水平高于婴儿期和成年期。此外，发现全基因组RNA编辑表现出动态的阶段特异性方式（出生后）。在RNA编辑中经历发育变化的基因与分解代谢过程以及蛋白质定位和运输功能相关，这意味着RNA编辑可能负责出生后发育PG的分子机制。RNA编辑在3′-UTR可能通过影响PG发育过程中miRNA的结合来调节基因表达。PG，这有助于理解的重要性，转录后介导的调节哺乳动物出生后PG的发展。此外，这项研究广泛扩展了哺乳动物中的RNA编辑组资源。
BackgroundRNA editing is a widespread post-transcriptional modification mechanism in mammalian genomes. Although many editing sites have been identified in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa), little is known about the characteristics and dynamic regulation of RNA editing in the pineal gland (PG), a small neuroendocrine gland that synthesizes and secretes melatonin, which is primarily responsible to modulate sleep patterns.ResultsThis study analyzed the expression of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing regulators and profiled the first dynamic A-to-I RNA editome during postnatal PG development. The results identifiedADAR1as the most abundantly expressed ADAR enzyme, which was down-regulated during postnatal PG development. Furthermore, 47,284 high-confidence RNA editing sites were identified, the majority of which (93.6%) were of the canonical A-to-I editing type, followed by C-to-T editing. Analysis of its characteristics showed that the A-to-I editing sites mostly localized in SINE retrotransposons PRE-1/Pre0_SS. Moreover, a strong deficiency and preference for guanine nucleotides at positions of one base upstream or downstream were found, respectively. The overall editing level at the puberty stage was higher than at both infancy and adulthood stages. Additionally, genome-wide RNA editing was found to exhibit a dynamic stage-specific fashion (postnatally). Genes that underwent developmental changes in RNA editing were associated with catabolic processes as well as protein localization and transport functions, implying that RNA editing might be responsible for the molecular machineries of the postnatal developing PG. Remarkably, RNA editing in 3′-UTRs might regulate gene expression by influencing miRNA binding during PG development.ConclusionsThis study profiles the first comprehensive developmental RNA editome in the pig PG, which contributes to the understanding of the importance of post-transcriptionally mediated regulation during mammalian postnatal PG development. Moreover, this study widely extends RNA editome resources in mammals.