A Low-Cost NIR Digital Photometer Based on InGaAs Sensors for the Detection of Milk Adulterations With Water
A Low-Cost NIR Digital Photometer Based on InGaAs Sensors for the Detection of Milk Adulterations With Water
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DOI：
10.1109/jsen.2016.2530873
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
M. Moreira;Jose Alexandre de Franca;Dari de Oliveira Toginho Filho;V. Beloti;Alberto Koji Yamada;Maria Bernadete de M Franca;Lucas de Souza Ribeiro
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Moreira;Jose Alexandre de Franca;Dari de Oliveira Toginho Filho;V. Beloti;Alberto Koji Yamada;Maria Bernadete de M Franca;Lucas de Souza Ribeiro
在牛奶中掺入水是一个非常常见的问题，这降低了牛奶的营养价值和工业产量，也可能带来重大的污染风险。检测这类欺诈的标准方法是冷冻法，当掺杂沿着其他物质时，这种方法就失效了。因此，需要用于此目的的新的和更稳健的技术。有了这个目标，我们提出了一个数字光度计的原型来量化牛奶中的水。这是一种微控制的便携式设备，它使用三个LED，在近红外（IR）区域发射，并且在开发过程中不使用透镜，滤光片或移动部件。该设备测量通过牛奶样品的IR辐射的透射率，以评估水的添加。在本文中，我们提出的实验结果进行了稀释的牛奶样品含有0%-25%的添加水，使用建议的设备和标准方法冰点。在加水量的测定中，平均绝对误差<1%。在重复性方面，在两组十次测量中，我们获得了与平均值的绝对偏差，对应于小于0.7%的添加水。结果表明，原型的响应是类似的一个商业冷冻，但更快。
The adulteration of milk with water is a very common problem, which reduces its nutritional value and industrial yield, and can also represent a major risk of contamination. The standard method for detecting this kind of fraud is the cryoscopy, which fails when the adulteration is done along with other substances. Therefore, there is a need for new and more robust techniques for this purpose. With this goal, we propose a prototype of a digital photometer to quantify water added to milk. This is a microcontrolled, portable device, which uses three LEDs with emission in the near-infrared (IR) region and was developed without the use of lenses, filters, or moving parts. This equipment measures the transmittance of IR radiation through milk samples to assess the addition of water. In this paper, we present the results of experiments that were conducted with diluted milk samples containing 0%-25% of added water, using the proposed equipment and the standard method of cryoscopy. In the measurements of the percentage of added water, the mean absolute error was <;1%. In terms of repeatability, in two sets of ten measurements, we obtained absolute deviations from the average corresponding to less than 0.7% of added water. Results show that the prototype response is similar to the one of a commercial cryoscope but faster.