Physical injuries and fatalities resulting from the Oklahoma City bombing
Physical injuries and fatalities resulting from the Oklahoma City bombing
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.276.5.382
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发表时间：
1996-08-07
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Jordan, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mallonee, S;Shariat, S;Jordan, F
客观。-对1995年4月19日发生在俄克拉荷马州市的Alfred P. Murrah联邦大楼爆炸事件造成的人身伤害和死亡进行流行病学描述。对轰炸中受伤的所有人员以及联邦大楼和4座相邻大楼的所有危险居住者进行描述性流行病学研究。数据收集自医院急诊和医疗记录部门，体检医师记录。和地区医生的调查。建筑物居住者和幸存者。研究人群。所有已知暴露于爆炸的人员。主要结果测量。建筑物位置的死亡和受伤的特点，伤害地图和伤害率。共有759人受伤。167人死亡。83名幸存者住院治疗，509人接受门诊治疗，在联邦大楼的361人中，319人（88%）受伤，其中163人（45%）死亡。包括19名儿童。联邦大楼倒塌部分的人员死亡的可能性（153/175，87%）显著高于大楼其他部分的人员（10/186，5%）（风险比[RR]，16.3，95%置信区间[CI]，8.9-29.8）。在4栋相邻的建筑物中，受伤率从38%到100%不等;这些建筑物中的3人和室外位置的1人死亡。最常见的死因是多处受伤。在幸存者中，软组织损伤，骨折，扭伤，拉伤和头部受伤是最常见的：这些伤害最常见的是由飞溅的玻璃和其他碎片以及倒塌的天花板造成的。俄克拉荷马州的爆炸事件是美国恐怖袭击事件中死亡人数最多的一次，非致命性伤害是死亡人数的4倍。灾害管理计划应包括恐怖爆炸的可能性，医疗准备应预期大多数伤害将是非致命性的。在设计极有可能被轰炸的建筑物时，应考虑到建筑物倒塌在致命伤害中的作用以及玻璃和其他飞溅碎片在轻微至中度伤害中的作用，以减少伤害。
Objective.-To provide an epidemiologic description of physical injuries and fatalities resulting from the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.Design and Setting.-Descriptive epidemiologic study of all persons injured by the bombing and of all at-risk occupants of the federal building and 4 adjacent buildings. Data were gathered from hospital emergency and medical records departments, medical examiner records. and surveys of area physicians. building occupants, and survivors.Study Population.-All persons known to have been exposed to the blast.Main Outcome Measures.-Characteristics of fatalities and injuries, injury maps, and injury rates by building location.Results.-A total of 759 persons sustained injuries. 167 persons died. 83 survivors were hospitalized, and 509 persons were treated as outpatients, Of the 361 persons who were in the federal building, 319 (88%) were injured, of whom 163 (45%) died. including 19 children. Persons in the collapsed part of the federal building were significantly more likely to die (153/175, 87%) than those in other parts of the building (10/186, 5%) (risk ratio [RR], 16.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.9-29.8). In 4 adjacent buildings, injury rates varied from 38% to 100%; 3 persons in these buildings and 1 person in an outdoor location died. The mast frequent cause of death was multiple injuries. Among survivors, soft tissue injuries, fractures, sprains, strains, and head injuries were most common: these injuries were most often caused by flying glass and other debris and collapsed ceilings.Conclusions.-The Oklahoma City bombing resulted in the largest number of fatalities of any terrorist act in the United Stales, and there were 4 times as many nonfatal injuries as fatalities, Disaster management plans should include the possibility of terrorist bombing, and medical preparedness should anticipate that most injuries will be nonfatal, The role of building collapse in fatal injuries and the role of glass and other flying debris in minor to moderate injuries should be considered in the design of buildings at high risk of being bombed so as to reduce injuries.