Phytoplankton biodiversity is more important for ecosystem functioning in highly variable thermal environments
Phytoplankton biodiversity is more important for ecosystem functioning in highly variable thermal environments
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2019591118
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发表时间：
2021-08-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Montoya, Jose M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bestion, Elvire;Haegeman, Bart;Montoya, Jose M.
21世纪，人类活动导致的气候变化和生物多样性丧失加速，这两种压力源都被认为会影响生态系统的功能。然而，我们对这两种压力源的相互作用知之甚少，特别是对气候变率增加和生物多样性丧失对生态系统功能的相互作用知之甚少。这应该得到补救，因为较大的气候变率是气候变化的主要特征之一。在这里，我们证明了温度波动导致生物多样性对生态系统功能的重要性发生变化。我们利用不同浮游植物物种丰富度的微观群落，将它们暴露在恒定、温和和严重的温度波动环境中。更大的温度波动导致更陡峭的生物多样性-生态系统功能斜率，这意味着物种损失对波动更大的环境中的生态系统功能有更强的负面影响。对于剧烈的温度波动，坡度随着时间的推移而增加，这是由于物种贫乏群落的生产力随着时间的推移而下降。我们开发了一个理论竞争模型来更好地理解我们的实验结果，并表明物种之间热耐受性的较大差异导致了更陡峭的生物多样性-生态系统功能斜坡。物种丰富的群落在波动加剧的情况下维持其生态系统功能，因为它们包含能够抵抗热波动环境的物种，而物种贫乏的群落则平均不是这样。我们的研究结果强调了在气候变化下气候变异性增加的背景下生物多样性对维持生态系统功能和服务的重要性。
The 21st century has seen an acceleration of anthropogenic climate change and biodiversity loss, with both stressors deemed to affect ecosystem functioning. However, we know little about the interactive effects of both stressors and in particular about the interaction of increased climatic variability and biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning. This should be remedied because larger climatic variability is one of the main features of climate change. Here, we demonstrated that temperature fluctuations led to changes in the importance of biodiversity for ecosystem functioning. We used microcosm communities of different phytoplankton species richness and exposed them to a constant, mild, and severe temperature-fluctuating environment. Wider temperature fluctuations led to steeper biodiversity-ecosystem functioning slopes, meaning that species loss had a stronger negative effect on ecosystem functioning in more fluctuating environments. For severe temperature fluctuations, the slope increased through time due to a decrease of the productivity of species-poor communities over time. We developed a theoretical competition model to better understand our experimental results and showed that larger differences in thermal tolerances across species led to steeper biodiversity- ecosystem functioning slopes. Species-rich communities maintained their ecosystem functioning with increased fluctuation as they contained species able to resist the thermally fluctuating environments, while this was on average not the case in species-poor communities. Our results highlight the importance of biodiversity for maintaining ecosystem functions and services in the context of increased climatic variability under climate change.