Shaping the Agenda of a Grand Challenge : Institutional Mediation of Priorities in Avian Influenza Research
Shaping the Agenda of a Grand Challenge : Institutional Mediation of Priorities in Avian Influenza Research
复制标题
制定重大挑战的议程:禽流感研究优先事项的机构调解
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Savona
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Martin;J. Tidd;M. Savona
自2003年爆发以来，禽流感获得了大量资助，并在各个方面成为一个有争议的科学政策问题。与许多所谓的“重大挑战”一样，关于如何“应对”禽流感出现了各种各样的观点，公众的声音也对如何分配研究经费表示关注。本文探讨了禽流感研究的重点。我们使用定性和定量数据来检验社会对公共科学的需求与现有“研究景观”之间的关系。对利益相关者横断面的访谈揭示了对现有研究及其预期结果的多样性观点，以及明确将两者联系起来的普遍困难。我们还观察到，对开展和应用研究的优先事项缺乏共同的理解。我们发现，大多数公共禽流感研究并没有明确的研究议程，而是受到三种制度背景的影响：制药业的优先事项、出版和公共研究经费压力，以及国际和国家基于科学的政策或公共卫生组织的授权。我们的研究结果不仅为资源分配问题提供了重要信息，而且为研究治理提供了广阔的视角，在确定优先级时明确考虑了潜在的激励结构。
Since outbreaks in 2003, avian influenza has received a considerable amount of funding and become a controversial science policy issue in various respects. Like in many so-called “grand challenges”, a variety of perspectives have emerged over how to “tackle” avian influenza and public voices have expressed concern over how research funds are being allocated. In this article we inquire into the priorities of avian influenza research. We use qualitative and quantitative data to examine the relations between societal demands for public science and the existing “research landscape”. Interviews of a cross-section of stakeholders revealed a diversity of perspectives on existing research and its desired outcomes, and a generalized difficulty to explicitly connect the two. We also observed a lack of a common understanding of priorities for conducting and applying research. Rather than welldefined research agendas, we found that most public avian influenza research is shaped by three institutional contexts: pharmaceutical industry priorities, publishing and public research funding pressures, and the mandates of international and national science-based policy or public health organizations. Our results are significant for informing not only resource allocation issues, but also a broad perspective of research governance that explicitly takes into account underlying incentive structures when defining priorities.