A Molecular View of Kinetochore Assembly and Function.
A Molecular View of Kinetochore Assembly and Function.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/biology6010005
复制
发表时间：
2017-01-24
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Desai A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Musacchio A;Desai A
着丝粒是将染色体连接到有丝分裂和减数分裂纺锤体的微管的大型蛋白质组装体，以便将复制的基因组从母细胞分配到其子细胞。动粒还控制反馈机制，负责纠正不正确的微管附着，并协调染色体附着与细胞周期进程。最后，着丝粒有助于它们自身的保存，在几代之间，在专门用于宿主它们的特定染色体位点，着丝粒。他们在大多数物种中通过利用表观遗传，DNA序列独立的机制来实现这一点;显着的例外是芽殖酵母，其中特定序列与着丝粒功能相关。在过去的15年中，广泛的进展，在阐明的组成动粒和各种物理和功能模块的鉴定，其子结构内，导致动粒组织和其功能输出的起源更深入的分子理解。在这里，我们对这一进展进行了广泛的总结，主要集中在人类和芽殖酵母的动粒上，同时强调了其他模型的工作，并为未来的研究提出了重要的未解决的问题。
Kinetochores are large protein assemblies that connect chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindles in order to distribute the replicated genome from a mother cell to its daughters. Kinetochores also control feedback mechanisms responsible for the correction of incorrect microtubule attachments, and for the coordination of chromosome attachment with cell cycle progression. Finally, kinetochores contribute to their own preservation, across generations, at the specific chromosomal loci devoted to host them, the centromeres. They achieve this in most species by exploiting an epigenetic, DNA-sequence-independent mechanism; notable exceptions are budding yeasts where a specific sequence is associated with centromere function. In the last 15 years, extensive progress in the elucidation of the composition of the kinetochore and the identification of various physical and functional modules within its substructure has led to a much deeper molecular understanding of kinetochore organization and the origins of its functional output. Here, we provide a broad summary of this progress, focusing primarily on kinetochores of humans and budding yeast, while highlighting work from other models, and present important unresolved questions for future studies.