Status and community-based conservation of marine turtles in the northern Querimbas Islands (Mozambique)
Status and community-based conservation of marine turtles in the northern Querimbas Islands (Mozambique)
复制标题
克林巴斯群岛北部海龟的现状和社区保护（莫桑比克）
作者：
J. Garnier;N. Hill;Almeida Guissamulo;Isabel Silva;M. Witt;B. Godley
位于莫桑比克最北部的北方奎林巴斯群岛拥有西印度洋最多样化和原始的珊瑚礁。我们在Vamizi岛制定的以社区为基础的海龟养护方案促进了莫桑比克境内绿色海龟Chelonia mydas的一个主要筑巢地点的确定和保护，该地点每年平均有122个海龟巢。该地区也被筑巢的雌性和未成熟的玳瑁海龟Eretmochelys imbricata使用。绿色海龟的筑巢活动全年都有，夏季（2月至3月）为高峰期。该物种的孵化期呈季节性波动，与气温呈负相关。孵化成功率很高（87%）时，巢没有失去通过潮汐过冲和侵蚀，这影响了近40%的所有巢在2007年。利用卫星跟踪四只在瓦米兹筑巢的绿色海龟，我们确定了肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚和马达加斯加西北部海洋保护区的觅食地。沿着东非海岸的两个个体的迁徙路线一般都是浅海的，都经过多个国家的沃茨和多达六个海洋养护区，强调了区域合作的重要性。还与资源使用者开展了提高认识方案，社区管理系统的发展促使当地社区建立了一个海洋保护区。
Abstract Situated in the northernmost part of Mozambique, the northern Querimbas Islands support some of the most diverse and pristine coral reefs in the Western Indian Ocean. The community-based turtle conservation programme that we developed on Vamizi Island has facilitated the identification and protection of a key nesting site for the green marine turtle Chelonia mydas in Mozambique, with a mean of 122 nests per year. The area is also used by nesting female and immature hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata. Nesting activity of green turtles was observed all year round, with a peak in the summer (February–March). Incubation periods of this species showed seasonal fluctuations inversely correlated with air temperature. Hatching success was high (87%) when nests were not lost through tidal overwash and erosion, which affected nearly 40% of all nests in 2007. Using satellite tracking of four green turtles nesting on Vamizi we identified foraging grounds in marine protected areas in Kenya, Tanzania and north-west Madagascar. Migratory routes of two individuals along the East African coast were generally neritic and all passed through the waters of multiple nations and as many as six marine conservation areas, emphasizing the importance of regional cooperation. Awareness programmes were also conducted with resource users, and the development of a community-based management system triggered the creation of a marine sanctuary by the local community.