A Primer on the Physical Principles of Tissue Harmonic Imaging
A Primer on the Physical Principles of Tissue Harmonic Imaging
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DOI：
10.1148/rg.2015140338
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Samir, Anthony E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anvari, Arash;Forsberg, Flemming;Samir, Anthony E.
组织谐波成像（THI）是诊断超声（US）的常规使用组成部分。在该方法中，由非线性基波US波传播产生的更高频率的谐波被用于生成包含比在常规基波US组织成像上看到的伪影更少的伪影的图像。谐波频率是基频的整数倍。目前大多数临床US系统使用二次谐波回波进行THI成像。图像处理技术（即带宽接收滤波、脉冲反转、并排相位消除和脉冲编码谐波）用于消除基频回波，剩余谐波频率数据用于生成诊断图像。THI的优点包括改善的信噪比和减少由旁瓣、栅瓣和混响产生的伪影。THI已被美国实践所接受，并且该技术的变体可用于通常用于放射学实践中诊断成像的大多数US系统。差分THI是进一步的改进，其结合了THI的优点，包括上级组织清晰度和减少的斑点伪影，以及较低频率US的更大穿透力，这允许在比以前常规THI可以执行的更大深度处进行高质量谐波成像。(C)RSNA，2015年
Tissue harmonic imaging (THI) is a routinely used component of diagnostic ultrasonography (US). In this method, higher-frequency harmonic waves produced by nonlinear fundamental US wave propagation are used to generate images that contain fewer artifacts than those seen on conventional fundamental wave US tissue imaging. Harmonic frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency. The majority of current clinical US systems use second harmonic echoes for THI image formation. Image processing techniques (ie, bandwidth receive filtering, pulse inversion, side-by-side phase cancellation, and pulse-coded harmonics) are used to eliminate the fundamental frequency echoes, and the remaining harmonic frequency data are used to generate the diagnostic image. Advantages of THI include improved signal-to-noise ratio and reduced artifacts produced by side lobes, grating lobes, and reverberation. THI has been accepted in US practice, and variations of the technology are available on most US systems typically used for diagnostic imaging in radiologic practice. Differential THI is a further improvement that combines the advantages of THI, including superior tissue definition and reduced speckle artifact, with the greater penetration of lower frequency US, which permits high-quality harmonic imaging at greater depth than could previously be performed with conventional THI. (C) RSNA, 2015