Absence of dissipation in trajectory ensembles biased by currents
Absence of dissipation in trajectory ensembles biased by currents
复制标题
电流偏置的轨迹系综中不存在耗散
DOI：
10.1088/1742-5468/2016/09/093305
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Evans
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Jack;R. Evans
我们认为有偏见的合奏的轨迹与大偏差的电流在平衡系统。偏置系综的特点是非零电流，缺乏时间反演对称的平衡状态。在平衡系统的情况下，有一个反转的对称性，这是打破了偏见，我们表明，有偏见的合奏保留了广义的时间反转对称性，涉及的空间变换，反转电流。这意味着这些合奏缺乏耗散。因此，它们与由外力引起电流的非平衡稳态有很大不同。这一结果的一个后果是，最大熵假设（MaxEnt/MaxCal），广泛用于远离平衡的热系统建模，有相当意想不到的影响，包括明显的超流体行为在经典模型的剪切流。
We consider biased ensembles of trajectories associated with large deviations of currents in equilibrium systems. The biased ensembles are characterised by non-zero currents and lack the time-reversal symmetry of the equilibrium state. In cases where the equilibrium system has an inversion symmetry which is broken by the bias, we show that the biased ensembles retain a generalised time-reversal symmetry, involving a spatial transformation that inverts the current. This means that these ensembles lack dissipation. Hence, they differ significantly from non-equilibrium steady states where currents are induced by external forces. One consequence of this result is that maximum entropy assumptions (MaxEnt/MaxCal), widely used for modelling thermal systems away from equilibrium, have quite unexpected implications, including apparent superfluid behaviour in a classical model of shear flow.