Norms and practices within marriage which shape gender roles, HIV/AIDS risk and risk reduction strategies in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique
Norms and practices within marriage which shape gender roles, HIV/AIDS risk and risk reduction strategies in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique
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DOI：
10.1080/09540121.2011.554529
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Bandali, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bandali, S.
尽管已婚者的艾滋病毒/艾滋病发病率不断上升，但对男女如何应对婚姻风险的研究却很少。本文探讨了已婚个人对抗艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险对现行性别规范的战略。定性数据收集在四个村庄的德尔加多角省，莫桑比克。与160名男子和妇女进行了小组讨论，探讨性别规范、艾滋病毒/艾滋病知识和风险决定因素。从小组讨论中，选择了29人进行进一步的深入访谈，以探讨婚姻中的性别规范和减少风险的努力之间的关系。研究结果表明，不忠和社会对安全套使用的限制不仅增加了艾滋病毒/艾滋病的风险，而且还加深了性别差异。虽然两性之间的权力差异可能使安全性行为的谈判变得困难，但男子和妇女都在采取措施，减少他们婚姻中的艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险。已婚男子正在重建规范，并承担起责任，通过保持忠诚来保护其家庭免受艾滋病毒/艾滋病的侵害。对妇女来说，婚姻中对艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险的应对与她们的创收能力有更密切的关系。经济独立的妇女往往会完全离开有风险的婚姻，而经济独立的妇女则会与丈夫协商使用避孕套的问题。尽管婚姻中的性别规范和权力不平衡受到制约，但与危险性伴侣交往的经历、保持良好社会地位的愿望、对感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的恐惧以及父母的指导和支持等因素影响着男子和妇女减少所认为的艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险。尽管性别规范使这成为一项挑战，但对男子和妇女已经采取措施减少艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险的方式的微妙理解应纳入地方性对策。
Despite increasing HIV/AIDS rates among married individuals, minimal research has been conducted on how men and women respond to risk in a marriage. This paper examines strategies used by married individuals to combat HIV/AIDS risk against prevailing gender norms. Qualitative data were gathered in four villages of Cabo Delgado province, Mozambique. Group discussions were held with 160 men and women to explore gender norms, HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk determinants. From the group discussions, 29 individuals were selected for further in-depth interviews to explore relationships between gender norms and risk reduction efforts within marriages. Findings illustrate howinfidelity and social limitations placed on condom use not only increase HIV/AIDS risk but also entrench gender disparities. Although power differences between genders can make it difficult to negotiate safe sex, men and women are taking measures to reduce perceived HIV/AIDS risk in their marriage. Married men are reconstructing norms and taking responsibility to protect their family from HIV/AIDS by remaining faithful. For women, responses to HIV/AIDS risk in a marriage are more closely related to their ability to generate an income. Financially dependent women tend to leave a risky marriage altogether in contrast to financially autonomous women who will negotiate condom use with their husband. Factors such as experience with a risky partner, the desire to maintain a good social standing, fear of HIV/AIDS acquisition and parental guidance and support influence men and women to reduce perceived HIV/AIDS risk, despite constraining gender norms and power imbalances in a marriage. Nuanced understandings of the ways in which men and women are already taking measures to decrease noted HIV/AIDS risk, despite gender norms that make this a challenge, should be incorporated into localised responses.