BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN THE US POPULATION - PHASE-1 OF THE 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (NHANES-III, 1988 TO 1991)
BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN THE US POPULATION - PHASE-1 OF THE 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (NHANES-III, 1988 TO 1991)
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.272.4.277
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发表时间：
1994-07-27
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
PASCHAL, DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BRODY, DJ;PIRKLE, JL;PASCHAL, DC
目的：-确定美国人群的平均血铅水平及其社会人口学相关性。设计-具有全国代表性的横断面健康体检调查，包括对静脉血铅的测量。参与者。-在第三次全国健康和营养检查调查(1988年至1991年)第一阶段共检查了13 201名1岁及以上的人。结果：美国人口的总体平均血铅水平为0.14MU/L(2.8MU/dL)。小孩子的血铅水平一直高于大孩子，老年人的血铅水平高于年轻人，男性的血铅水平高于女性，黑人的血铅水平高于白人，中心城区居民的血铅水平高于非中心城市居民。其他与血铅水平较高相关的因素包括低收入、低教育程度和居住在美国东北部地区，国家对1至5岁儿童的估计表明，8.9%，即约170万儿童的血铅水平达到或超过0.48µmol/L(10µg/dL)或更高。根据1991年疾病控制和预防中心的指导方针，这些水平足以引起健康问题。结论-总体平均血铅水平较低，表明在初级预防工作中，公共卫生方面取得了重大成功。然而，铅暴露在可能对儿童健康产生不利影响的水平仍然是一个问题，特别是对少数民族、城市和低收入家庭的人来说。确定最脆弱的风险群体的战略对于进一步减少美国的铅暴露是必要的。
Objective.-To determine mean blood lead levels and their sociodemographic correlates in the US population.Design.-Nationally representative cross-sectional health examination survey that included measurements of venous blood lead.Participants.-A total of 13 201 persons aged 1 year and older examined during phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1991).Results.-The overall mean blood lead level for the US population was 0.14 mu mol/L (2.8 mu g/dL). Blood lead levels were consistently higher for younger children than for older children, for older adults than for younger adults, for males than for females, for blacks than for whites, and for central-city residents than for non-central-city residents. Other correlates of higher blood lead levels included low income, low educational attainment, and residence in the Northeast region of the United States, National estimates for children 1 to 5 years of age indicate that 8.9%, or approximately 1.7 million children, have blood lead levels 0.48 mu mol/L (10 mu g/dL) or greater. These levels are high enough to be of health concern under 1991 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.Conclusions.-The low overall mean blood lead levels demonstrate a major public health success in primary prevention efforts. However, exposure to lead at levels that may adversely affect the health of children remains a problem especially for those who are minority, urban, and from low-income families. Strategies to identify the most vulnerable risk groups are necessary to further reduce lead exposure in the United States.