Continuum mechanics in environmental sciences and geophysics
Continuum mechanics in environmental sciences and geophysics
复制标题
环境科学和地球物理学中的连续介质力学
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Hutter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Hutter
现代连续介质力学是本书的主题。在它的介绍之后，它将被应用于环境科学和地球物理学中出现的一些典型系统。在大型湖泊/海洋动力学中，地球旋转的特殊影响将在均匀和非均匀水体的线性/非线性过程中进行分析。强烈的热力学耦合与非线性流变学相结合，会影响大型冰盖（如南极洲和格陵兰岛）和冰架的流动。在温室效应的环境中，它对气候强迫的响应可能会对后代的生活产生重大影响。颗粒材料在准静态载荷下的力学行为需要非经典的混合物概念，并且通常遇到复杂的弹塑性型本构行为。这些理论描述了土壤的蠕变流动、固结过程和地下水流。颗粒材料的快速剪切流动导致本构关系的应力，其中包括速率无关的行为的莫尔-库仑型与分散的应力贡献，由于颗粒碰撞。落石、雪崩、雪崩、泥石流和海冰漂流都可以用这种公式来描述。
Modern continuum mechanics is the topic of this book. After its introduction it will be applied to a few typical systems arising in the environmental sciences and in geophysics. In large lake/ocean dynamics peculiar effects of the rotation of the Earth will be analyzed in linear/nonlinear processes of a homogenous and inhomogenous water body. Strong thermomechanical coupling paired with nonlinear rheology affects the flow of large ice sheets (such as Antarctica and Greenland) and ice shelves. Its response to the climatic forcing in an environmental of greenhouse warming may significantly affect the life of future generations. The mechanical behavior of granular materials under quasistatic loadings requires non-classical mixture concepts and encounters generally complicated elastic-plastic-type constitutive behavior. Creeping flow of soils, consolidation processes and ground water flow are described by such theories. Rapid shearing flow of granular materials lead to constitutive relations for the stresses which incorporate rate independent behavior of Mohr-Coulomb type together with dispersive stress contributions due to particle collisions. Rockfalls, sturzstroms, snow and ice avalanches, but also debris flow and sea ice drifting can be described with such formulations.