The Swedish Family
The Swedish Family
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瑞典家庭
DOI：
10.1177/019251388009003007
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
J. Hoem
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Hoem;J. Hoem
自 20 世纪 60 年代初以来，瑞典与家庭相关的人口行为发生了变化，包括早期自愿结合的增加、结婚和生育的推迟、女性就业率的大幅增加和离婚的增加。 20 世纪 60 年代中期开始的生育率下降很大程度上是由第三胎出生率急剧下降造成的。这些变化很大程度上归因于瑞典独有的公共政策特点，旨在确保所有公民享有体面的生活水平。家庭生活和性行为被认为属于个人领域，公共政策力求促进不受限制的个人选择。对性别平等的坚定公开承诺和对经济活动的重视促进了妇女的劳动力参与。公共政策进一步促进男性和女性分担家庭和儿童保育责任。因此，瑞典的政策减轻了生育的直接成本和机会成本。总的来说，这些政策在将生育率维持在相对于西欧其他国家相当高的水平方面发挥了重要作用，并导致生育年龄向高龄化转变。
Changes in family-related demographic behavior in Sweden since the early 1960s have included a rise in early consensual union formation postponement of both marriage and motherhood substantial increases in female employment rates and more divorces. Much of the fertility decline that began in the mid-1960s has been caused by a sharp drop in 3rd-birth rates. These changes are largely attributable to public policy features that are unique to Sweden and seek to ensure a decent standard of living for all citizens. Family life and sexual behavior is considered to belong in the personal domain and public policies seek to promote unrestricted individual choice. Womens labor force participation has been promoted by a firm public commitment to gender equality and a stress on economic activity. Public policy further promotes the sharing of household and child care responsibilities by both men and women. Thus Swedish policies mitigate the direct costs and opportunity costs of childbearing. On balance such policies have played an important role in maintaining fertility at a level that is quite high relative to the rest of Western Europe and have led to a shift in childbearing toward higher ages.