Security Threats and Cellular Network Procedures for Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Challenges and Opportunities
Security Threats and Cellular Network Procedures for Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Challenges and Opportunities
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DOI：
10.1109/mcomstd.0003.2100108
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发表时间：
2022-12
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. S. Abdalla;V. Marojevic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. S. Abdalla;V. Marojevic
研究人员和标准化机构对使用传统蜂窝网络支持无人机（UAV）操作表示担忧。与传统的用户设备（UE）不同，具有无人机系统（UAS）能力的UE（UAV-UE或无人机-UE）需要额外的网络安全措施来确保安全的空域操作。本文从认证与授权、位置信息的准确性与跟踪、指挥与控制信令三个方面介绍了安全需求与威胁。我们提出了用于网络连接的UAS的3GPP参考架构，5G核心网络的新应用功能以及满足既定要求的5G安全机制和程序。支持UAS的三个5G核心应用功能促进了3GPP网络和UAS流量管理之间的互通，提供位置报告，验证UAS订阅，以及将UAS ID与其各自的UE ID进行匹配等。我们确定了UAS网络安全研究的机会，并建议考虑标准化的关键安全功能和流程。我们的结论是，虽然5G标准引入了重要的安全机制，但蜂窝网络需要更多的安全研究和基准测试，以支持对无人机及其支持的新兴应用的安全且可扩展的实时控制。
Researchers and standardization bodies have raised concerns about using legacy cellular networks for supporting unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations. Different from traditional user equipment (UE), an unmanned aircraft system (UAS)-capable UE - UAV-UE or controller-UE - needs additional network security measures to ensure safe airspace operation. This article introduces the security requirements and threats with respect to three major themes: authentication and authorization, location information veracity and tracking, and command and control signaling. We present the 3GPP reference architecture for network connected UASs, the new application functions of the 5G core network, and the 5G security mechanisms and procedures for meeting the established requirements. Three 5G core application functions supporting UASs facilitate the interworking between the 3GPP network and the UAS traffic management, delivering location reports, validating UAS subscriptions, and matching UAS IDs with their respective UE IDs, among others. We identify opportunities for UAS network security research and recommend critical security features and processes to be considered for standardization. We conclude that while the 5G standard introduces important security mechanisms, more security research and benchmarking are needed for cellular networks to support secure and scalable real-time control of UAVs and the emerging applications enabled by them.