Spinal cord injury and the human microbiome: beyond the brain-gut axis.
Spinal cord injury and the human microbiome: beyond the brain-gut axis.
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DOI：
10.3171/2018.12.focus18206
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发表时间：
2019-03
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
D. Wallace;Naomi L. Sayre;T. T. Patterson-T.;Susannah E. Nicholson;D. Hilton;Ramesh Grandhi;Ramesh Grandhi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Wallace;Naomi L. Sayre;T. T. Patterson-T.;Susannah E. Nicholson;D. Hilton;Ramesh Grandhi;Ramesh Grandhi
除了脊髓损伤（SCI）急性期的标准治疗外，实施新型神经保护干预措施可能会显著降低发病率和长期健康成本。更好地了解SCI后的全身变化可以深入了解导致二次损伤的机制。一个新兴的研究领域涉及肠道微生物组和CNS的复杂相互作用，即，脑-肠轴，或者更恰当地说，中枢神经系统-肠轴。本文综述了与肠道微生物组和SCI相关的文献。中风和创伤性脑损伤的实验模型证明了CNS与肠道的双向通信，具有损伤后生态失调、胃肠相关淋巴组织介导的神经炎症反应和细菌代谢物神经传递。类似的发现也在SCI中得到了阐明。在这些领域的实验性干预措施已显示出改善动物模型功能结果的前景。人体与其微生物组，特别是肠道微生物组之间的这种密切关系代表了实验医学中令人兴奋的前沿。
In addition to standard management for the treatment of the acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI), implementation of novel neuroprotective interventions offers the potential for significant reductions in morbidity and long-term health costs. A better understanding of the systemic changes after SCI could provide insight into mechanisms that lead to secondary injury. An emerging area of research involves the complex interplay of the gut microbiome and the CNS, i.e., a brain-gut axis, or perhaps more appropriately, a CNS-gut axis. This review summarizes the relevant literature relating to the gut microbiome and SCI. Experimental models in stroke and traumatic brain injury demonstrate the bidirectional communication of the CNS to the gut with postinjury dysbiosis, gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue-mediated neuroinflammatory responses, and bacterial-metabolite neurotransmission. Similar findings are being elucidated in SCI as well. Experimental interventions in these areas have shown promise in improving functional outcomes in animal models. This commensal relationship between the human body and its microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, represents an exciting frontier in experimental medicine.