Lipid nutrition of marine fish during early development : current status and future directions
Lipid nutrition of marine fish during early development : current status and future directions
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DOI：
10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00191-x
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发表时间：
1999-09
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
J. Sargent;L. McEvoy;A. Estévez;G. Bell;M. V. Bell;J. Henderson;D. Tocher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Sargent;L. McEvoy;A. Estévez;G. Bell;M. V. Bell;J. Henderson;D. Tocher
对海水鱼幼鱼饲料需要量的研究已从考虑n-−-3HUFA的最佳摄食水平，发展到考虑两种主要的HUFA--22：6N-−-3和20：5N-−-3的最佳摄食比例，以及最近对所有三种必需脂肪酸--22：6N-−-3、20：5N-−-3和20：4N-−-6的最佳摄食水平和比例的考虑。本文综述了我们目前对22：6N-−-3、20：5N-−-3和20：4N-−-6三种必需脂肪酸的摄食量和最佳摄食平衡的认识。考虑了强化活饲料的局限性，特别是从实现强化活饲料中磷脂和三酰甘油水平之间的最佳平衡的角度出发，从而产生必需脂肪酸和产生能量的脂肪酸的最佳混合。结果表明，理想的海水鱼幼鱼饲料含有10%左右的干重n-−-3-HUFA，三酰甘油含量低于5%的海洋磷脂，如海水鱼卵黄、海水鱼幼鱼本身及其天然浮游动物猎物的脂肪组成。这种饲料以所需的水平和比例提供22：6N−3、20：5N−3和20：4N−6，同时满足对磷脂、肌醇和胆碱的已知要求。研究了开发更接近于这种“黄金标准”饲料的海鱼幼体饲料的方法。
Research on the dietary requirements of marine fish larvae has evolved from considerations of optimal dietary levels of n−3 HUFA to considerations of optimal dietary ratios of the two principal HUFAs, 22:6n−3 and 20:5n−3, and more recently to considerations of optimal dietary levels and ratios of all three dietary essential fatty acids, 22:6n−3, 20:5n−3 and 20:4n−6. Our present understanding of the requirements and optimal dietary balance of 22:6n−3, 20:5n−3 and 20:4n−6 is reviewed. Limitations of enriching live feed are considered, particularly from the point of view of achieving an optimal balance between levels of phospholipids and triacylglycerols in enriched live feeds that generate an optimal blend of essential fatty acids and energy-yielding fatty acids. It is concluded that the ideal marine fish larval diet is one containing circa 10% of the dry weight as n−3 HUFA-rich, marine phospholipids with less than 5% triacylglycerols, as exemplified by the lipid compositions of marine fish egg yolk, marine fish larvae themselves and their natural zooplankton prey. Such diets provide 22:6n−3, 20:5n−3 and 20:4n−6 in the desired levels and ratios and simultaneously satisfy known requirements for phospholipids, inositol and choline. Approaches to developing marine fish larval diets more closely resembling this “gold standard” diet are considered.