GENDER SEGREGATION IN ELITE ACADEMIC SCIENCE
GENDER SEGREGATION IN ELITE ACADEMIC SCIENCE
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DOI：
10.1177/0891243212451904
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Tansey, Cassandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ecklund, Elaine Howard;Lincoln, Anne E.;Tansey, Cassandra
理解科学学科内部和学科之间性别隔离的努力侧重于供给侧和需求侧的解释。然而，我们对学术科学家自己如何看待这种隔离的根源知之甚少。利用对30个美国顶尖物理和生物学研究生项目(n=2,503)的科学家的调查数据和对其中150人的半结构化访谈，本文研究了学术科学家在生物学和物理学领域女性分布差异的原因。在量化分析中，在确定科学家提供的学科间性别差异的原因方面，性别比学科更突出，这表明性别可能起到“主宰地位”的作用，塑造科学家的经验，而不考虑学科的性别构成。定性访谈证实了这一解释，并揭示了科学家也认为指导、自然差异、歧视和学科历史是重要因素。研究结果有助于在法律、护理等行业开展情绪劳动与职业性别隔离关系的研究。
Efforts to understand gender segregation within and among science disciplines have focused on both supply- and demand-side explanations. Yet we know little about how academic scientists themselves view the sources of such segregation. Utilizing data from a survey of scientists at thirty top U. S. graduate programs in physics and biology (n = 2,503) and semistructured interviews with 150 of them, this article examines the reasons academic scientists provide for differences in the distribution of women in biology and physics. In quantitative analyses, gender is more salient than discipline in determining the reasons scientists provide for gender disparities between disciplines, suggesting that gender may act as a "master status," shaping the experiences of scientists regardless of the gender composition of the discipline. Qualitative interviews confirm this interpretation and reveal that scientists also perceive mentoring, natural differences, discrimination, and the history of the disciplines to be important factors. Results contribute to research on the relationship between emotional labor and occupational gender segregation conducted in professions such as law and nursing.