Therapeutic strategy for cancer immunotherapy in head and neck cancer-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.3402/acmo.v3.27690

发表时间：

2015-06

期刊：

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

Hiroki Ishii;Shota Tanaka;K. Masuyama

肿瘤免疫治疗是头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）的一种新的有前景的治疗方法。这种策略可以有效地诱导抗肿瘤作用。然而，尽管有宿主免疫系统的监视，肿瘤细胞仍可以发展并获得恶性表型，例如，侵入基质组织和转移至淋巴结和远端器官。具有致癌突变和细胞异质性的肿瘤在肿瘤微环境（包括调节性T细胞、髓源性抑制细胞和II型巨噬细胞）的帮助下主动抑制宿主免疫系统，导致体内抗肿瘤应答的免疫编辑和免疫抑制。通过使用先进的免疫学技术获得的累积证据已经阐明了肿瘤细胞与宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用。对这种相互作用的更深入理解导致了新的治疗干预措施，包括癌症免疫疗法。在这篇综述中，我们汇编了最近的研究结果，从实验和临床研究的癌症免疫治疗，并讨论是否癌症免疫治疗已被确定为有益的HNSCC患者。癌症免疫疗法，如癌症疫苗，树突状细胞免疫疗法和免疫检查点的阻断，在有助于改善HNSCC患者总生存期的治疗中也起着至关重要的作用。此外，由于HNSCC中肿瘤或肿瘤微环境介导的免疫抑制的直接改善，癌症免疫疗法与靶向疗法组合似乎是有效且高效的治疗策略。先进的遗传学和免疫学技术为头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）肿瘤进展的分子机制提供了新的见解。足够的效应T细胞活化在癌症患者中诱导有效的抗肿瘤免疫应答。然而，近年来的研究表明，免疫检查点和肿瘤微环境中存在的调节性T细胞和髓源性抑制细胞抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应。癌症生物学和免疫学的知识有助于发展一种治疗理论，即癌症免疫治疗通过调节宿主免疫系统诱导抗肿瘤免疫应答。此外，这些免疫抑制功能的鉴定促进了下一代癌症免疫治疗的发展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了与几种类型癌症的癌症免疫治疗相关的实验模型和临床试验的数据。这些数据表明，癌症免疫治疗能够增强患者的抗肿瘤免疫应答。此外，我们还讨论和探索了创新的癌症免疫治疗HNSCC的可能性。这种治疗方法可能有助于提高HNSCC患者的生存率。保留字：免疫监视;免疫抑制;肿瘤微环境;癌症疫苗;树突状细胞;免疫检查点;嵌合抗原受体疗法;靶向治疗（发表时间：2015年6月16日）引文：细胞和分子耳鼻喉科进展2015年，3：27690 -http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/acmo.v3.27690

Cancer immunotherapy is one of the new prospective treatments for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This strategy can effectively induce anti-tumor effects. However, despite surveillance by the host immune system, tumor cells can develop and acquire malignant phenotypes, for example, invasion into stromal tissue, and metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs. Tumors with oncogenic mutations and cellular heterogeneity actively suppress the host immune system with assistance from the tumor microenvironment, including regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and type II macrophages, leading to immunoediting and immunosuppression of the anti-tumor response in vivo . Accumulating evidence, obtained through the use of advanced immunological technology, has elucidated the interaction between tumor cells and the host immune system. Greater understanding of this interaction has given rise to new therapeutic interventions, including cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we compile recent findings from experimental and clinical studies of cancer immunotherapy and discuss whether cancer immunotherapy has been determined to be beneficial in HNSCC patients. Cancer immunotherapy, such as cancer vaccine, dendritic cell immunotherapy, and blockade of immune checkpoints, also plays a crucial role in treatments that have contributed to improving overall survival in HNSCC patients. Moreover, due to the direct improvement of tumor- or tumor microenvironment–mediated immunosuppression in HNSCC, cancer immunotherapy in combination with targeted therapy appears to be an effective and efficient therapeutic strategy. In Context The advanced genetic and immunological technologies have provided fresh insights into molecular mechanisms of tumor progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Sufficient effector T cell activation induces effective antitumor immune response in cancer patients. However, recent researches have shown that immune checkpoints and tumor microenvironment in which regulatory T cell and myeloid-derived suppressor cells exist repress antitumor immune response. The knowledge of cancer biology and immunology helps to develop a therapeutic theory that cancer immunotherapy induces an antitumor immune response by modulating the host immune system. In addition, identification of these immunosuppressive functions has promoted the development of the next generation of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarized data from experimental models and clinical trials associated with cancer immunotherapy in several types of cancer. These data indicated that cancer immunotherapy is capable of enhancing the anti-tumor immune response in patient. Moreover, we also discussed and explored the possibility of innovative cancer immunotherapy in HNSCC. This therapeutic approach may help us to improve survival rate in patients with HNSCC. Keywords: immunosurveillance; immunosuppression; tumor microenvironment; cancer vaccine; dendritic cell; immune checkpoints; chimeric antigen receptor therapy; targeted therapy (Published: 16 June 2015) Citation: Advances in Cellular and Molecular Otolaryngology 2015, 3: 27690 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/acmo.v3.27690

Therapeutic strategy for cancer immunotherapy in head and neck cancer

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