Behavioral changes in senescent giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) are associated with peripheral neural degeneration and loss of epithelial tissue
Behavioral changes in senescent giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) are associated with peripheral neural degeneration and loss of epithelial tissue
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111263
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发表时间：
2022-07-04
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Crook, Robyn J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holst, Meghan M.;Hauver, Camille M.;Crook, Robyn J.
大多数种类的章鱼在一次繁殖后会经历剧烈的身体衰退，这种繁殖会持续几天、几周或几个月，直到最终死亡。尽管衰老的外在指标被广泛认可，但相对而言，人们对章鱼的生理和神经变化所知甚少。在这里，我们测量了在美国公共水族馆中饲养的巨型太平洋章鱼（GPO）的行为反应对伤害性刺激的变化。安乐死后，从手臂尖端收集组织，量化神经和上皮细胞变性，并与健康的生殖前gpo的手臂尖端活检进行比较。行为分析显示，低阈值机械感觉反应和伤害性行为反应的显著变化从衰老早期开始，一直持续到安乐死。组织学数据显示，虽然在健康和衰老的章鱼中，凋亡细胞占细胞总数的比例保持不变，但与健康对照组相比，晚期衰老章鱼的神经细胞和上皮细胞的总体密度显著降低。我们的数据为衰老头足类动物的感觉功能障碍的时间过程和原因提供了新的见解，并建议在动物进入末期衰退之前，在衰老阶段早期就开始积极的福利管理。
Most species of octopus experience extreme physical decline after a single reproductive bout which extends over a period of days, weeks, or months before eventual death. Although outward indicators of senescence are widely recognized, comparatively little is known about physiological and neural changes accompanying terminal decline in octopuses. Here, we measured changes in behavioral response to nociceptive stimuli across the lifespan in giant Pacific octopus (GPO), Enteroctopus dofleini, held in public aquariums in the USA. Post-euthanasia, tissue was collected from arm tips, and neural and epithelial cell degeneration was quantified and compared with biopsies of arm tips from healthy, pre-reproductive GPOs. Behavioral assays showed significant changes both in low threshold mechanosensory responses and nociceptive behavioral responses beginning early in senescence and extending until euthanasia. Histology data showed that while the ratio of apoptotic cells to total cell number stayed constant between healthy and senescent GPOs, overall neural and epithelial cell density was significantly lower in terminally senescent octopuses compared with healthy controls. Our data provide new insight into the time-course and causes of sensory dysfunction in senescent cephalopods and suggest proactive welfare management should begin early in the senescence phase, well before animals enter terminal decline.