F-actin homeostasis through transcriptional regulation and proteasome-mediated proteolysis.

F-actin homeostasis through transcriptional regulation and proteasome-mediated proteolysis.
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F-肌动蛋白通过转录调节和蛋白酶体介导的蛋白水解实现稳态。

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1721935115
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
11.1
通讯作者:
Cross,FrederickR
Cross,FrederickR
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Onishi,Masayuki;Pecani,Kresti;Jones4th,Taylor;Pringle,JohnR;Cross,FrederickR

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许多生物体具有多种且通常是不同的肌动蛋白,其调节和作用尚不清楚。例如,莱茵衣原体既有一个常规肌动蛋白(IDA 5),也有一个高度分化的肌动蛋白(NAP 1);只有IDA 5在正常增殖细胞中表达。我们先前表明,药物latrunculin B(LatB)导致丝状(F-)IDA 5的丧失和NAP 1的强烈上调,然后通过形成LatB抗性F-NAP 1提供必需的肌动蛋白功能。RNA测序分析表明,NAP 1的这种上调反映了广泛的转录反应,其中大部分依赖于三种蛋白质(LAT 1,LAT 2和LAT 3),这些蛋白质以前被认为是NAP 1转录所必需的。许多LAT调控基因含有一个假定的顺式作用调控位点,即“LRE基序”。LatB转录程序似乎通过F-IDA 5的丢失而被激活,并通过F-NAP 1的形成而被失活,从而形成了一个F-肌动蛋白依赖性负反馈环。编码泛素-蛋白酶体系统蛋白的多个基因是由LatB诱导的,导致IDA 5(但不是NAP 1)的快速降解。我们的研究结果表明,IDA 5降解是功能上重要的,因为不可聚合的LatB结合IDA 5干扰F-NAP 1的形成。肌动蛋白相互作用蛋白cofilin和profilin的基因也被诱导。Cofilin诱导可以通过促进F-IDA 5的断裂来进一步清除IDA 5,而profilin似乎在保护单体IDA 5免于降解中起作用。这种多方面的调节系统允许快速和定量的周转F-肌动蛋白在细胞骨架扰动,并可能也保持F-肌动蛋白在正常生长条件下的稳态。
Many organisms possess multiple and often divergent actins whose regulation and roles are not understood in detail. For example,Chlamydomonas reinhardtiihas both a conventional actin (IDA5) and a highly divergent one (NAP1); only IDA5 is expressed in normal proliferating cells. We showed previously that the drug latrunculin B (LatB) causes loss of filamentous (F-) IDA5 and strong up-regulation of NAP1, which then provides essential actin function(s) by forming LatB-resistant F-NAP1. RNA-sequencing analyses now show that this up-regulation of NAP1 reflects a broad transcriptional response, much of which depends on three proteins (LAT1, LAT2, and LAT3) identified previously as essential forNAP1transcription. Many of the LAT-regulated genes contain a putativecis-acting regulatory site, the “LRE motif.” The LatB transcriptional program appears to be activated by loss of F-IDA5 and deactivated by formation of F-NAP1, thus forming an F-actin–dependent negative-feedback loop. Multiple genes encoding proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome system are among those induced by LatB, resulting in rapid degradation of IDA5 (but not NAP1). Our results suggest that IDA5 degradation is functionally important because nonpolymerizable LatB-bound IDA5 interferes with the formation of F-NAP1. The genes for the actin-interacting proteins cofilin and profilin are also induced. Cofilin induction may further the clearance of IDA5 by promoting the scission of F-IDA5, whereas profilin appears to function in protecting monomeric IDA5 from degradation. This multifaceted regulatory system allows rapid and quantitative turnover of F-actin in response to cytoskeletal perturbations and probably also maintains F-actin homeostasis under normal growth conditions.
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