Intraspecific Colour Variation among Lizards in Distinct Island Environments Enhances Local Camouflage.
Intraspecific Colour Variation among Lizards in Distinct Island Environments Enhances Local Camouflage.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0135241
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Stevens M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marshall KL;Philpot KE;Damas-Moreira I;Stevens M
物种内的颜色变化在动物中很普遍。了解这是如何发生的可以阐明进化机制，例如那些潜在的生殖隔离和物种形成。在这里，我们调查了五个岛屿种群的爱琴海墙蜥蜴（Podarcis erhardii）是否有更有效的伪装对自己的（本地）岛屿基板比对其他（非本地）岛屿基板的鸟类捕食者，以及是否这是联系在一起的基板外观岛屿的差异。我们还调查了当地的基板匹配程度是否不同岛屿人口和性别之间。在大多数人群中，两种性别都更好地匹配对本地背景比对非本地背景，特别是在亮度（感知亮度），这通常发生在本地和非本地背景是不同的外观。这是发现，甚至在岛屿人口之间的历史上有一个陆地连接，并在人口已被隔离相对较近，这表明隔离在这些不同的岛屿环境已足以引起增强当地的背景匹配，有时在快速进化的时间尺度。然而，提高当地的匹配是穷人的人口居住在更多变和不稳定的环境与长期的火山活动的历史。总的来说，这些结果表明，蜥蜴的颜色被调整为在当地环境中提供伪装，这是由于遗传适应或发育过程中的变化。然而，当地匹配选择的发生和程度可能取决于与当地生态和地理历史相关的特定条件。这些结果强调了对不同环境的反捕食者适应如何驱动物种内的分歧，这可能有助于种群之间的生殖隔离，并导致生态物种形成。
Within-species colour variation is widespread among animals. Understanding how this arises can elucidate evolutionary mechanisms, such as those underlying reproductive isolation and speciation. Here, we investigated whether five island populations of Aegean wall lizards (Podarcis erhardii) have more effective camouflage against their own (local) island substrates than against other (non-local) island substrates to avian predators, and whether this was linked to island differences in substrate appearance. We also investigated whether degree of local substrate matching varied among island populations and between sexes. In most populations, both sexes were better matched against local backgrounds than against non-local backgrounds, particularly in terms of luminance (perceived lightness), which usually occurred when local and non-local backgrounds were different in appearance. This was found even between island populations that historically had a land connection and in populations that have been isolated relatively recently, suggesting that isolation in these distinct island environments has been sufficient to cause enhanced local background matching, sometimes on a rapid evolutionary time-scale. However, heightened local matching was poorer in populations inhabiting more variable and unstable environments with a prolonged history of volcanic activity. Overall, these results show that lizard coloration is tuned to provide camouflage in local environments, either due to genetic adaptation or changes during development. Yet, the occurrence and extent of selection for local matching may depend on specific conditions associated with local ecology and biogeographic history. These results emphasize how anti-predator adaptations to different environments can drive divergence within a species, which may contribute to reproductive isolation among populations and lead to ecological speciation.