Knockdown Resistance, rdl Alleles, and the Annual Entomological Inoculation Rate of Wild Mosquito Populations from Lower Moshi, Northern Tanzania.
Knockdown Resistance, rdl Alleles, and the Annual Entomological Inoculation Rate of Wild Mosquito Populations from Lower Moshi, Northern Tanzania.
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DOI：
10.4103/0974-777x.96776
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发表时间：
2012-04
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Kweka EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mahande AM;Dusfour I;Matias JR;Kweka EJ
了解生态因素引起的媒介行为反应对于控制疾病媒介非常重要。本研究的目的是确定莫希下游灌溉方案中疟疾病媒的击倒抗性 (kdr) 等位基因、狄氏剂抗性等位基因和昆虫接种率 (EIR)，以减轻疾病传播。该研究采用纵向设计，进行了14个月。每两周使用 CDC 微型诱光器在 20 所房屋中收集蚊子。在现场对蚊子进行形态学鉴定，其中 10% 通过分子技术鉴定到物种水平。从该研究人群中采集样本进行 kdr 和狄氏剂抗性 (rdl) 基因检测。采用光诱器共采集蚊子6220只，其中冈比亚按蚊占86.0%（n=5350），致倦库蚊占14.0%（n=870）。安的百分之十。冈比亚有限公司采集的An.（n=535）进行物种鉴定，其中99.8%（n=534）为An。 arabiensis，而 0.2% (n=1) 是 An。冈比亚严格意义上。在选定的蚊子中，3.5% (n=19) 的子孢子呈阳性。所测试的蚊子都没有 kdr 基因。全年检测到 rdl 抗性等位基因的频率为 0.48。 EIR 确定为 0.54 ib/陷阱/年。这项研究的结果表明，rdl 基因中存在的纯合和杂合抗性证明了农药残留对蚊子抗性选择压力的影响。需要制定更好的杀虫剂使用方案供农民使用，以避免过量使用杀虫剂。
Understanding vector behavioral response due to ecological factors is important in the control of disease vectors. This study was conducted to determine the knockdown resistance (kdr) alleles, dieldrin resistance alleles, and entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) of malaria vectors in lower Moshi irrigation schemes for the mitigation of disease transmission. The study was longitudinal design conducted for 14 months. Mosquitoes were collected fortnightly by using a CDC miniature light trap in 20 houses. Mosquitoes were identified morphologically in the field, of which 10% of this population was identified to species level by using molecular techniques. Samples from this study population were taken for kdr and resistance to dieldrin (rdl) genes detection. A total of 6220 mosquitoes were collected by using a light trap, of which 86.0% (n=5350) were Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and 14.0% (n=870) were Culex quinquefasciatus. Ten percent of the An. gambiae s.l. (n=535) collected were taken for species identification, of which 99.8% (n=534) were identified as An. arabiensis while 0.2% (n=1) were An. gambiae sensu stricto. Of the selected mosquitoes, 3.5% (n=19) were sporozoite positive. None of the mosquitoes tested had the kdr gene. The rdl resistant allele was detected at a frequency of 0.48 throughout the year. EIR was determined to be 0.54 ib/trap/year. The findings of this study suggest that the homozygous and the heterozygous resistance present in rdl genes demonstrated the effect of pesticide residues on resistance selection pressure in mosquitoes. A better insecticide usage protocol needs to be developed for farmers to use in order to avoid excessive use of pesticides.