Effect of Crop Diversification of Rice-Wheat Cropping System on Productivity and Profitability
Effect of Crop Diversification of Rice-Wheat Cropping System on Productivity and Profitability
复制标题
稻麦轮作制度作物多样化对生产力和盈利能力的影响
DOI：
10.1300/j064v26n01_05
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Sharma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Suraj P. Sharma;S. Sharma
摘要水稻-小麦种植制度在亚洲许多国家被认为是粮食自给自足的支柱，但面临着可持续性问题，近年来人们感受到了这种种植制度对作物多样化的需求。在新德里印度农业研究所进行的一项为期两年(1995-1996年和1996-1997年)的沙质粘壤土田间研究表明，在夏季(5-6月)稻麦系统中种植绿豆，使绿豆部分多样化，从而提高了生产率和利润。然而，马铃薯替代小麦的生产力最高(夏季绿豆次之)，三叶草替代小麦的利润最高。水稻-马铃薯-绿豆种植制度比水稻-小麦种植制度的生产率提高5.1ha−1yr−1，利润增加429ha−1yr−1。同样，水稻-三叶草种植制度的生产力比水稻-小麦种植制度高3.3t ha−1年−1，利润高499 ha−1年−1。水稻-油菜籽-绿豆系统也比水稻-小麦系统增加1.8t ha−1年−1和283ha−1年−1美元的利润。水稻-小麦-绿豆种植系统记录了最大收获密度指数、复种指数和同时种植指数，表明土地利用效率高于其他水稻种植制度。鉴于水稻-马铃薯-绿豆、水稻-三叶草、水稻-油菜籽-绿豆和水稻-小麦-绿豆种植制度比水稻-小麦种植制度具有更高的生产率和更多的利润，建议水稻-小麦种植制度多样化，以实现可持续生产。
ABSTRACT Rice-wheat cropping system, being considered back bone of food self-sufficiency in many Asian countries, is facing sustainability problem and a need of crop diversification of this system is felt in recent years. A field study conducted for two years (1995-96 and 1996-97) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi on a sandy clay loam soil indicated that partial diversification by inclusion of mungbean during summer (May-June) in rice-wheat system resulted in an increase in productivity and profitability. However, highest productivity was achieved when wheat was replaced by potato (followed by mungbean in summer) and highest profitability was achieved when wheat was replaced by clover. Rice-potato-mungbean cropping system increased productivity over rice-wheat system by 5.1 tha−1yr−1 and profitability by US $ 429 ha−1yr−1. Similarly, rice-clover cropping system gave 3.3 t ha−1yr−1 higher productivity and US $ 499 ha−1yr−1 higher profit than rice-wheat cropping system. Rice-rapeseed-mungbean also increased productivity over rice-wheat system by 1.8 t ha−1yr−1 and profitability by US $ 283 ha−1yr−1. Rice-wheat-mungbean cropping system recorded the maximum harvest density index, multiple cropping index and simultaneous cropping index, indicating higher land use efficiency than other rice based cropping systems. In view of higher productivity and more profit obtained with rice-potato-mungbean, rice-clover, rice-rapeseed-mungbean and rice-wheat-mungbean cropping systems as compared to rice-wheat cropping system, diversification of rice-wheat cropping system is recommended for sustainable production.