Environmental influences on food choice, physical activity and energy balance
Environmental influences on food choice, physical activity and energy balance
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.051
复制
发表时间：
2005-12-15
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Gordon-Larsen, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Popkin, BM;Duffey, K;Gordon-Larsen, P
在本文中，环境被定义为宏观和社区层面的因素，包括物理，法律的和政策因素，影响家庭和个人的决定。因此，环境被认为是家庭和个人做出决定的外部背景。本文回顾了有关环境影响饮食、体育活动和肥胖的文献。讨论的其他关键环境因素包括经济、法律的和政策因素。在美国和全球饮食和身体活动发生重大变化的背后，是食品生产、加工和分销系统以及食品购物和饮食选择的巨大变化，导致能量密集型食品的可用性增加。同样，我们在家里、工作、休闲和旅行的方式也发生了显著变化，导致能源支出大幅减少。许多小范围的研究将环境变化与饮食和活动变化联系起来。本文首先回顾了环境对饮食和体力活动的影响，并讨论了两个案例研究的环境对体力活动的影响，在美国青少年的全国代表性样本。这些个案研究说明了体育活动资源的重要作用，以及与体育活动有关的设施和资源的不公平分配，少数民族人数多、受教育程度低的人口处于非常不利的地位。此外，研究表明，这些设施与个人层面的健康行为有显着关联。环境对体力活动支持的不平等可能是美国人口健康差异的基础。(c)2005年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
In this paper, the environment is defined as the macro- and community-level factors, including physical, legal and policy factors, that influence household and individual decisions. Thus, environment is conceived as the external context in which household and individual decisions are made. This paper reviews the literature on the ways the environment affects diet, physical activity, and obesity. Other key environmental factors discussed include economic, legal, and policy factors. Behind the major changes in diet and physical activity in the US and globally lie large shifts in food production, processing, and distribution systems as well as food shopping and eating options, resulting in the increase in availability of energy-dense foods. Similarly, the ways we move at home, work, leisure, and travel have shifted markedly, resulting in substantial reductions in energy expenditure. Many small area studies have linked environmental shifts with diet and activity changes. This paper begins with a review of environmental influences on diet and physical activity, and includes the discussion of two case studies on environmental influences on physical activity in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. The case studies illustrate the important role of physical activity resources and the inequitable distribution of such activity-related facilities and resources, with high minority, low educated populations at strong disadvantage. Further, the research shows a significant association of such facilities with individual-level health behavior. The inequity in environmental supports for physical activity may underlie health disparities in the US population. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.