Demonstration of CO2 Conversion to Synthetic Transport Fuel at Flue Gas Concentrations
Demonstration of CO2 Conversion to Synthetic Transport Fuel at Flue Gas Concentrations
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fenrg.2017.00026
复制
发表时间：
2017-10-12
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Styring, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dowson, George R. M.;Styring, Peter
1-丁醇和2-丁醇的混合物使用以卤代甲烷开始的逐步合成来制备。该方法包括二氧化碳利用步骤以产生乙酸盐，然后通过酯化的乙酸酯的克莱森缩合将其转化为丁醇异构体，然后氢化所得的乙酰乙酸乙酯。重要的是，CO2利用步骤使用与燃烧后烟道气中发现的类似的干燥、稀释的二氧化碳（在氮气中12%CO2）。这项工作表明，与二氧化碳相比，格氏试剂与氧气的反应速率较慢，这意味着使用这种直接捕获转化技术可以省略通常与碳捕获技术相关的昂贵纯化步骤。丁醇异构体由于其高辛烷值、更高的能量密度、疏水性和在现有汽油发动机中的低腐蚀性而可用作汽油的直接替代燃料。能量分析表明，从甲醇到丁醇的过程是放热的;然而，需要能量来从卤化物副产物中再生活性镁金属。该方法很重要，因为它允许将难以长时间使用电池存储的电能存储为完全适合当前液体燃料基础设施的液体燃料。这意味着可再生的、依赖天气的能源可以跨季节储存，例如，夏季生产，冬季消费。它还有助于避免新的化石碳进入供应链，通过利用否则会排放的二氧化碳。由于甲醇也已被证明是从二氧化碳中商业生产的，这增加了运输燃料部门普遍脱碳的前景。此外，由于将CO2转化为丁醇所需的氢气显著少于将CO2转化为辛烷所需的氢气，因此对所谓的氢经济性的负担可能会降低。
A mixture of 1- and 2-butanol was produced using a stepwise synthesis starting with a methyl halide. The process included a carbon dioxide utilization step to produce an acetate salt which was then converted to the butanol isomers by Claisen condensation of the esterified acetate followed by hydrogenation of the resulting ethyl acetoacetate. Importantly, the CO2 utilization step uses dry, dilute carbon dioxide (12% CO2 in nitrogen) similar to those found in post-combustion flue gases. The work has shown that the Grignard reagent has a slow rate of reaction with oxygen in comparison to carbon dioxide, meaning that the costly purification step usually associated with carbon capture technologies can be omitted using this direct capture-conversion technique. Butanol isomers are useful as direct drop-in replacement fuels for gasoline due to their high octane number, higher energy density, hydrophobicity, and low corrosivity in existing petrol engines. An energy analysis shows the process to be exothermic from methanol to butanol; however, energy is required to regenerate the active magnesium metal from the halide by-product. The methodology is important as it allows electrical energy, which is difficult to store using batteries over long periods of time, to be stored as a liquid fuel that fits entirely with the current liquid fuels infrastructure. This means that renewable, weather-dependent energy can be stored across seasons, for example, production in summer with consumption in winter. It also helps to avoid new fossil carbon entering the supply chain through the utilization of carbon dioxide that would otherwise be emitted. As methanol has also been shown to be commercially produced from CO2, this adds to the prospect of the general decarbonization of the transport fuels sector. Furthermore, as the conversion of CO2 to butanol requires significantly less hydrogen than CO2 to octanes, there is a potentially reduced burden on the so-called hydrogen economy.