What do we mean by prediction in language comprehension?
What do we mean by prediction in language comprehension?
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DOI：
10.1080/23273798.2015.1102299
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jaeger TF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuperberg GR;Jaeger TF
我们考虑了语言理解中预测的几个关键方面：它的计算性质，我们预测的表征水平，我们是否使用较高水平的表征来预测性地预激活较低水平的表征，以及我们是否以任何方式“承诺”我们的预测，超越预激活。我们认为，大量的行为和神经证据表明，我们预测概率和多层次和颗粒的代表性。我们还认为，我们可以，在原则上，使用更高层次的推理预测性地预先激活信息在多个较低的代表性水平。我们还认为，预测性预激活的程度和水平可能是预测的预期效用的函数，而预测的预期效用又可能取决于预测者的目标及其对先验知识和自下而上输入的相对可靠性的估计。最后，我们认为，所有这些属性的语言理解可以自然地解释和富有成效地探索内的多代表性的层次积极生成的架构，其目标是推断的消息由生产者打算，并在其中的预测在解释自下而上的输入发挥了至关重要的作用。
We consider several key aspects of prediction in language comprehension: its computational nature, the representational level(s) at which we predict, whether we use higher level representations to predictively pre-activate lower level representations, and whether we ‘commit’ in any way to our predictions, beyond pre-activation. We argue that the bulk of behavioral and neural evidence suggests that we predict probabilistically and at multiple levels and grains of representation. We also argue that we can, in principle, use higher level inferences to predictively pre-activate information at multiple lower representational levels. We also suggest that the degree and level of predictive pre-activation might be a function of the expected utility of prediction, which, in turn, may depend on comprehenders’ goals and their estimates of the relative reliability of their prior knowledge and the bottom-up input. Finally, we argue that all these properties of language understanding can be naturally explained and productively explored within a multi-representational hierarchical actively generative architecture whose goal is to infer the message intended by the producer, and in which predictions play a crucial role in explaining the bottom-up input.